Huskamp Haiden A
Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2005 Sep-Oct;28(5):484-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2005.08.004.
In recent years, prescription drug expenditures in the United States have increased rapidly. In 2003, spending on prescription medications totaled $179.2 billion dollars, or approximately 11% of national health expenditures [Smith, C., Cowan, C., Sensenig, A., Catlin, A., the Health Accounts Team. (2005). Health spending growth slows in 2003. Health Affairs, 24 (1) 185-194]. In response to rapid increases in prescription drug expenditures, both public and private payers of health care services have adopted strategies to try to contain drug costs, including drug formularies, prior authorization programs, cost sharing and utilization management. In this paper, I provide a background on prescription drug spending trends, financing, and access to medications; describe some of the tools used most commonly to manage prescription drug utilization; present results from the literature on the impact of these tools; and discuss some implications of this information for the new Medicare prescription drug benefit to be implemented in 2006 as well as for future prescription drug innovation.
近年来，美国的处方药支出迅速增加。2003年，处方药支出总计1792亿美元，约占国家卫生支出的11%[史密斯，C.，考恩，C.，森西格，A.，卡特林，A.，卫生账户团队。（2005年）。2003年卫生支出增长放缓。《卫生事务》，24(1) 185 - 194]。为应对处方药支出的快速增长，医疗服务的公共和私人支付方都采取了策略来控制药品成本，包括药品处方集、事先授权计划、费用分摊和使用管理。在本文中，我提供了处方药支出趋势、融资和药品获取的背景信息；描述了一些最常用于管理处方药使用的工具；展示了关于这些工具影响的文献结果；并讨论了这些信息对2006年即将实施的新医疗保险处方药福利以及未来处方药创新的一些影响。
