Enright P L
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724.
Occup Med. 1992 Apr-Jun;7(2):209-25.
An occupational pulmonary surveillance program will detect the lung diseases that affect about 20% of the general population: asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, restrictive disorders, and lung cancer. Annual spirometry testing and standardized respiratory questionnaires are useful components of all programs, but because many problems with spirometry testing and interpretation occur, a team approach is indicated. In order to minimize the false-positive rate, an expert in pulmonary surveillance should be included to help choose a good spirometry system, train technicians, monitor the quality of their work, and interpret the results. Interpretation of annual change in pulmonary function enhances the ability to detect lung disease early but requires knowledge of the test-retest reproducibility of the FEV1 of your own surveillance program.
职业性肺部监测项目将检测出影响约20%普通人群的肺部疾病：哮喘、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、限制性疾病和肺癌。年度肺活量测定测试和标准化呼吸问卷是所有项目的有用组成部分，但由于肺活量测定测试和解读存在许多问题，因此需要采用团队协作方法。为了将假阳性率降至最低，应纳入肺部监测专家，以帮助选择良好的肺活量测定系统、培训技术人员、监测其工作质量并解读结果。对肺功能年度变化的解读可提高早期检测肺部疾病的能力，但需要了解自身监测项目中第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）的重测再现性。
