[Impacts of the 10 Steps to Healthy Feeding in Infants: a randomized field trial].

This study assesses the impact of an intervention known as the Ten Steps to Healthy Feeding: A Nutritional Guide for Children under Two on nutritional conditions and infant health in low-income families. Two hundred newborns were randomized to the intervention group and three hundred to the control group. Parents of the intervention group received nutritional orientation during the child's first year of life. Both groups received visits at 6 and 12 months and routine follow-up by their pediatricians. The results (n = 397) showed that the intervention was associated with a higher proportion of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months (RR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.21-2.06) and 6 months (RR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.37-3.99) and breastfeeding at 12 months (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.02-1.55) and a lower proportion of children with diarrhea (RR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.51-0.90), respiratory problems (RR = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.46-0.85), use of medication (RR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.34-0.91), and dental caries (RR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.32-0.96) in the 12-16 month bracket. The intervention had no effect on the occurrence of anemia, hospitalization, or nutritional status. The results suggest that the nutritional orientation program led to positive changes in infant feeding practices and health conditions, but that it was insufficient to prevent iron deficiency anemia.