Wallet Mark A, Sen Pradip, Tisch Roland
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Clin Med Res. 2005 Aug;3(3):166-75. doi: 10.3121/cmr.3.3.166.
The paradigm of tolerogenic/immature versus inflammatory/mature dendritic cells has dominated the recent literature regarding the role of these antigen-presenting cells in mediating immune homeostasis or self-tolerance and response to pathogens, respectively. This issue is further complicated by the identification of distinct subtypes of dendritic cells that exhibit different antigen-presenting cell effector functions. The discovery of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and toll-like receptors provides the mechanistic basis for dendritic cell recognition of specific pathogens and induction of appropriate innate and adaptive immune responses. Only recently has insight been gained into how dendritic cells contribute to establishing and/or maintaining immunological tolerance to self. Soluble and cellular mediators have been reported to effectively regulate the function of dendritic cells by inducing several outcomes ranging from non-inflammatory dendritic cells that lack the ability to induce T lymphocyte activation to dendritic cells that actively suppress T lymphocyte responses. A thorough discussion of these stimuli and their outcomes is essential to understanding the potential for modulating dendritic cell function in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions.
耐受性/未成熟型与炎症性/成熟型树突状细胞的范式主导了近期有关这些抗原呈递细胞在介导免疫稳态或自身耐受性以及分别对病原体的反应中所起作用的文献。树突状细胞不同亚型的鉴定使这个问题更加复杂，这些亚型表现出不同的抗原呈递细胞效应功能。病原体相关分子模式和Toll样受体的发现为树突状细胞识别特定病原体以及诱导适当的先天性和适应性免疫反应提供了机制基础。直到最近才深入了解树突状细胞如何有助于建立和/或维持对自身的免疫耐受性。据报道，可溶性和细胞介质可通过诱导多种结果来有效调节树突状细胞的功能，这些结果包括缺乏诱导T淋巴细胞活化能力的非炎症性树突状细胞到积极抑制T淋巴细胞反应的树突状细胞。对这些刺激及其结果进行全面讨论对于理解在炎症性疾病治疗中调节树突状细胞功能的潜力至关重要。
