Roloff B D, Belluck D A, Meisner L F
State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Apr;22(3):267-71. doi: 10.1007/BF00212084.
The herbicides atrazine and linuron, found in Wisconsin's groundwater, were tested alone and in combination, both in vivo and in vitro, to determine their individual and combined genotoxic effects. Human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to either 1 microgram/ml linuron or 0.001 microgram/ml atrazine showed little chromosome damage, whereas significant chromosome damage was observed in lymphocytes simultaneously exposed to 0.5 microgram/ml linuron and 0.0005 microgram/ml atrazine, suggesting at least an additive model. In another experiment, mice were fed 20 micrograms/ml atrazine, 10 micrograms/ml linuron, or a combination of 10 micrograms/ml atrazine and 5 micrograms/ml linuron in their drinking water for 90 days, after which bone marrow cells and cultured splenocytes were examined for chromosomal damage. None of the treatment groups showed chromosome damage in bone marrow, whereas the cultured splenocytes demonstrated damage in all treatment groups. These experiments suggest that, prior to assessing the risk of a herbicide, it may be necessary to test it in combinations which mimic the mixtures which would occur under field conditions, such as in contaminated groundwater.
在威斯康星州的地下水中发现的除草剂阿特拉津和利谷隆，分别进行了单独测试以及体内和体外的联合测试，以确定它们各自的和联合的遗传毒性作用。体外暴露于1微克/毫升利谷隆或0.001微克/毫升阿特拉津的人类淋巴细胞几乎没有染色体损伤，而同时暴露于0.5微克/毫升利谷隆和0.0005微克/毫升阿特拉津的淋巴细胞中观察到了明显的染色体损伤，这表明至少存在相加作用模式。在另一项实验中，给小鼠饮用含有20微克/毫升阿特拉津、10微克/毫升利谷隆或10微克/毫升阿特拉津与5微克/毫升利谷隆组合的水，持续90天，之后检查骨髓细胞和培养的脾细胞的染色体损伤情况。所有处理组的骨髓均未显示染色体损伤，而培养的脾细胞在所有处理组中均表现出损伤。这些实验表明，在评估除草剂的风险之前，可能有必要以模拟田间条件下（如受污染的地下水中）出现的混合物的组合形式对其进行测试。
