Kacinko Sherri L, Barnes Allan J, Schwilke Eugene W, Cone Edward J, Moolchan Eric T, Huestis Marilyn A
Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Clin Chem. 2005 Nov;51(11):2085-94. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.054338. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
Sweat testing is a noninvasive technique for monitoring drug exposure in treatment, criminal justice, and employment settings.
We evaluated cocaine excretion in 9 participants' sweat after they received 3 low doses (75 mg/70 kg) of cocaine HCl subcutaneously within 1 week and, 3 weeks later, 3 high doses (150 mg/70 kg). Six additional participants completed portions of the study. PharmChek sweat patches (n = 1390) were collected throughout a 3-week washout period, reflecting previously self-administered drugs, and during and after controlled dosing.
Cocaine was the primary analyte detected with 24% of patches positive at the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry limit of quantification of 2.5 ng/patch and 7% of patches at the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration cutoff of 25 ng/patch. Ecgonine methyl ester (EME) was detected more often and at generally higher concentrations than benzoylecgonine. In patches containing both metabolites, there was no statistically significant difference in the benzoylecgonine/EME ratio based on length of patch wear. During washout, 2 participants' weekly patches tested positive (> or =25 ng/patch) during the first week; one remained positive during week 2; and none were positive during week 3. Cocaine and EME were detectable within 2 h; benzoylecgonine was not detected until 4-8 h after low doses and slightly sooner after high doses. The majority of drug was excreted within 24 h. Over 70% of weekly patches worn during low doses were positive for cocaine (> or =25 ng/patch), increasing to 100% during high doses.
Sweat testing is an effective and reliable method of monitoring cocaine exposure.
汗液检测是一种用于监测治疗、刑事司法和就业环境中药物暴露情况的非侵入性技术。
我们评估了9名参与者在1周内皮下注射3次低剂量（75mg/70kg）盐酸可卡因，以及3周后注射3次高剂量（150mg/70kg）后汗液中的可卡因排泄情况。另外6名参与者完成了部分研究。在为期3周的洗脱期内，收集了反映先前自我给药药物的PharmChek汗液贴片（n = 1390），以及在对照给药期间和之后的汗液贴片。
可卡因是检测到的主要分析物，在气相色谱 - 质谱法定量限为2.5ng/贴片时，24%的贴片呈阳性，在美国药物滥用和精神健康服务管理局提议的临界值25ng/贴片时，7%的贴片呈阳性。与苯甲酰芽子碱相比，芽子碱甲酯（EME）的检测频率更高，浓度通常也更高。在同时含有两种代谢物的贴片中，基于贴片佩戴时间的长短，苯甲酰芽子碱/EME比值没有统计学上的显著差异。在洗脱期，2名参与者的每周贴片在第一周检测呈阳性（≥25ng/贴片）；1人在第2周仍呈阳性；第3周无人呈阳性。可卡因和EME在2小时内可检测到；低剂量后4 - 8小时才检测到苯甲酰芽子碱，高剂量后检测时间稍早。大部分药物在24小时内排出。低剂量期间佩戴的每周贴片中，超过70%的可卡因呈阳性（≥25ng/贴片），高剂量期间增至100%。
汗液检测是监测可卡因暴露的有效且可靠的方法。
