Knobloch K, Martin-Schmitt S, Gösling T, Jagodzinski M, Zeichen J, Krettek C
Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2005 Sep;19(3):123-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-858345.
Does a prospective proprioceptive-coordinative additional training intervention in elite female soccer changes frequency and pattern of injuries?
24 female soccer players of the German first division team of FC Bayern München were thoroughly supervised during the season 2003/04 regarding injuries resulting in an absence from at least one scheduled training session or game. During the winter break an additional proprioceptive-coordinative training program was initiated, which was performed on a regular basis during the second half of the season. Furthermore, we evaluated jump&reach, throwing power, coordinative skills, and flexibility.
All evaluated fitness results increased significantly during the season after the training intervention, such as jump&reach 44 +/- 4 cm vs. 38 +/- 10 cm (p < 0.05), coordinative power left and right leg, respectively (71 +/- 44 s vs. 45 +/- 37 s, 80 +/- 41 s vs. 50 +/- 32 s, both p < 0.05), flexibility left and right hip (89 +/- 8 degrees vs. 78 +/- 13 degrees and 88 +/- 9 degrees vs. 79 +/- 10 degrees, p < 0.05). Comparing the 1st to the 2nd half of the season, 25 vs. 26 injuries after foulplay and 69 vs. 52 without contact occur (p < 0.05). Muscle injuries resulting in game or training absence were significantly reduced by 400% (12 vs. 3, p < 0.05). In the 1st half of the season, 2 anterior cruciate ruptures (ACL) occur vs. none in the 2nd half after the training intervention.
An additional proprioceptive-coordinative training intervention increases coordinative abilities, jump power, throwing power, and flexibility during a half season. After initiation of the proprioceptive-coordinative training the incidence of muscle injuries resulting in an absence of at least one game or practice session was reduced significantly by 400 %. Regarding the reduced incidence of ACL injuries after proprioceptive-coordinative training in female elite soccer players, further studies have to be performed to elucidate the value of this training intervention.
对精英女子足球运动员进行前瞻性本体感觉 - 协调性额外训练干预，是否会改变受伤频率和模式？
在2003/04赛季，对德国拜仁慕尼黑足球俱乐部一线队的24名女足球运动员因伤至少缺席一次预定训练课或比赛的情况进行了全面监督。在冬歇期启动了一项额外的本体感觉 - 协调性训练计划，该计划在赛季后半段定期进行。此外，我们评估了纵跳摸高、投掷力量、协调技能和柔韧性。
在训练干预后的赛季中，所有评估的体能结果均显著提高，如纵跳摸高从38±10厘米提高到44±4厘米（p < 0.05），左右腿协调能力分别提高（71±44秒对45±37秒，80±41秒对50±32秒，均p < 0.05），左右髋部柔韧性提高（89±8度对78±13度，88±9度对79±10度，p < 0.05）。比较赛季上半段和下半段，因犯规导致的受伤次数分别为25次和26次，无身体接触导致的受伤次数分别为69次和52次（p < 0.05）。导致比赛或训练缺席的肌肉损伤显著减少了400%（12次对3次，p < 0.05）。赛季上半段发生了2例前交叉韧带断裂（ACL），而在训练干预后的下半段未发生。
额外的本体感觉 - 协调性训练干预在半个赛季中提高了协调能力、跳跃力量、投掷力量和柔韧性。在开始本体感觉 - 协调性训练后，导致至少缺席一场比赛或一次训练课的肌肉损伤发生率显著降低了400%。关于精英女子足球运动员在进行本体感觉 - 协调性训练后ACL损伤发生率降低的情况，还需进一步研究以阐明这种训练干预的价值。
