Gilchrist Julie, Mandelbaum Bert R, Melancon Heidi, Ryan George W, Silvers Holly J, Griffin Letha Y, Watanabe Diane S, Dick Randall W, Dvorak Jiri
Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2008 Aug;36(8):1476-83. doi: 10.1177/0363546508318188.
Neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs can decrease noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries; however, they may be difficult to implement within an entire team or the community at large.
A simple on-field alternative warm-up program can reduce noncontact ACL injuries.
Randomized controlled trial (clustered); Level of evidence, 1.
Participating National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's soccer teams were assigned randomly to intervention or control groups. Intervention teams were asked to perform the program 3 times per week during the fall 2002 season. All teams reported athletes' participation in games and practices and any knee injuries. Injury rates were calculated based on athlete exposures, expressed as rate per 1000 athlete exposures. A z statistic was used for rate ratio comparisons.
Sixty-one teams with 1435 athletes completed the study (852 control athletes; 583 intervention). The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury rate among intervention athletes was 1.7 times less than in control athletes (0.199 vs 0.340; P = .198; 41% decrease). Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rate among intervention athletes was 3.3 times less than in control athletes (0.057 vs 0.189; P = .066; 70% decrease). No anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurred among intervention athletes during practice versus 6 among control athletes (P = .014). Game-related noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in intervention athletes were reduced by more than half (0.233 vs 0.564; P = .218). Intervention athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament injury were significantly less likely to suffer another anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with control athletes with a similar history (P = .046 for noncontact injuries).
This program, which focuses on neuromuscular control, appears to reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in collegiate female soccer players, especially those with a history of anterior cruciate ligament injury.
神经肌肉和本体感觉训练计划可减少非接触性前交叉韧带损伤；然而，在整个团队或广大社区中实施这些计划可能会有困难。
一种简单的场上替代热身计划可减少非接触性前交叉韧带损伤。
随机对照试验（整群）；证据等级，1级。
将参加美国大学体育协会第一分区女子足球队随机分为干预组或对照组。干预组球队被要求在2002年秋季赛季每周进行3次该计划。所有球队报告运动员参加比赛和训练的情况以及任何膝盖损伤。损伤率根据运动员暴露次数计算，以每1000次运动员暴露的发生率表示。使用z统计量进行发生率比值比较。
61支球队的1435名运动员完成了研究（852名对照运动员；583名干预组运动员）。干预组运动员的总体前交叉韧带损伤率比对照组运动员低1.7倍（0.199对0.340；P = 0.198；降低41%）。干预组运动员的非接触性前交叉韧带损伤率比对照组运动员低3.3倍（0.057对0.189；P = 0.066；降低70%）。干预组运动员在训练期间未发生前交叉韧带损伤，而对照组运动员有6例（P = 0.014）。干预组运动员与比赛相关的非接触性前交叉韧带损伤率降低了一半以上（0.233对0.564；P = 0.218）。与有类似病史的对照组运动员相比，有前交叉韧带损伤史的干预组运动员再次发生前交叉韧带损伤的可能性显著降低（非接触性损伤的P = 0.046）。
这个侧重于神经肌肉控制的计划似乎降低了大学女子足球运动员前交叉韧带损伤的风险，尤其是那些有前交叉韧带损伤史的运动员。
