Caraffa A, Cerulli G, Projetti M, Aisa G, Rizzo A
Orthopedic Clinic R. S. Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1996;4(1):19-21. doi: 10.1007/BF01565992.
Proprioceptive training has been shown to reduce the incidence of ankle sprains in different sports. It can also improve rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries whether treated operatively or nonoperatively. Since ACL injuries lead to long absence from sports and are one of the main causes of permanent sports disability, it is essential to try to prevent them. In a prospective controlled study of 600 soccer players in 40 semiprofessional or amateur teams, we studied the possible preventive effect of a gradually increasing proprioceptive training on four different types of wobble-boards during three soccer seasons. Three hundred players were instructed to train 20 min per day with 5 different phases of increasing difficulty. The first phase consisted of balance training without any balance board; phase 2 of training on a rectangular balance board; phase 3 of training on a round board; phase 4 of training on a combined round and rectangular board; phase 5 of training on a so-called BABS board. A control group of 300 players from other, comparable teams trained "normally" and received no special balance training. Both groups were observed for three whole soccer seasons, and possible ACL lesions were diagnosed by clinical examination, KT-1000 measurements, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, and arthroscopy. We found an incidence of 1.15 ACL injuries per team per year in the proprioceptively trained group (P < 0.001). Proprioceptive training can thus significantly reduce the incidence of ACL injuries in soccer players.
本体感觉训练已被证明可降低不同运动中踝关节扭伤的发生率。它还能改善前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤后的康复情况，无论损伤是通过手术治疗还是非手术治疗。由于ACL损伤会导致长期无法参加运动，并且是永久性运动残疾的主要原因之一，因此努力预防这些损伤至关重要。在一项对40个半职业或业余球队的600名足球运动员进行的前瞻性对照研究中，我们研究了在三个足球赛季中，逐渐增加的本体感觉训练对四种不同类型的摇摆板可能产生的预防效果。300名球员被指示每天训练20分钟，训练难度分5个阶段逐步增加。第一阶段是在没有任何平衡板的情况下进行平衡训练；第二阶段是在矩形平衡板上训练；第三阶段是在圆形板上训练；第四阶段是在圆形和矩形组合板上训练；第五阶段是在所谓的BABS板上训练。来自其他类似球队的300名球员组成的对照组进行“正常”训练，没有接受特殊的平衡训练。两组球员都被观察了三个完整的足球赛季，并通过临床检查、KT - 1000测量、磁共振成像或计算机断层扫描以及关节镜检查来诊断可能的ACL损伤。我们发现，在接受本体感觉训练的组中，每个球队每年ACL损伤的发生率为1.15例（P < 0.001）。因此，本体感觉训练可以显著降低足球运动员ACL损伤的发生率。
