Agalliu Ilir, Langeberg Wendy J, Lampe Johanna W, Salinas Claudia A, Stanford Janet L
Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Prostate. 2006 Feb 1;66(2):146-56. doi: 10.1002/pros.20305.
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes detoxify several carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, T1, and P1 (Ile105Val) have been associated with prostate cancer, however, results have been inconsistent across studies.
Data from a population-based case-control study in King County, Washington, were used to further evaluate the relationships between these GST polymorphisms and prostate cancer. Incident cases (n = 590) were 40-64 years old, diagnosed from 1993 through 1996, and identified via the SEER cancer registry. Controls (n = 538) were identified via random digit dialing, and frequency age-matched to cases. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Risk of prostate cancer was moderately increased among Caucasians with the GSTM1-null genotype (OR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.19-2.01). There were no associations for either GSTT1 or P1(Ile105Val). The association between the GSTM1-null genotype and prostate cancer was not different according to cancer aggressiveness defined by stage at diagnosis and Gleason score. Among GSTM1-null Caucasians, the relative risk of prostate cancer increased linearly with increasing pack-years of smoking (P-value for trend = 0.007), with the highest ORs observed for smokers of >30 pack-years.
Findings suggest that the GSTM1-null genotype defines a subgroup of men at higher risk of prostate cancer, particularly if they are heavy smokers.
谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）可使多种致癌物解毒。GSTM1、T1和P1（Ile105Val）的基因多态性与前列腺癌有关，然而，各研究结果并不一致。
利用华盛顿州金县一项基于人群的病例对照研究数据，进一步评估这些GST基因多态性与前列腺癌之间的关系。纳入的病例（n = 590）年龄在40 - 64岁之间，于1993年至1996年确诊，通过监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）癌症登记处识别。对照（n = 538）通过随机数字拨号识别，年龄频率与病例匹配。采用逻辑回归估计比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
GSTM1基因缺失型基因型的白种人患前列腺癌的风险中度增加（OR = 1.54；95% CI 1.19 - 2.01）。GSTT1或P1（Ile105Val）均无相关性。根据诊断时的分期和Gleason评分定义的癌症侵袭性，GSTM1基因缺失型基因型与前列腺癌之间的关联无差异。在GSTM1基因缺失型白种人中，前列腺癌的相对风险随吸烟包年数的增加呈线性增加（趋势P值 = 0.007），吸烟超过30包年的人OR最高。
研究结果表明，GSTM1基因缺失型基因型定义了一组患前列腺癌风险较高的男性亚组，尤其是重度吸烟者。
