Wilens Timothy E, Biederman Joseph
Clinical Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
J Psychopharmacol. 2006 Jul;20(4):580-8. doi: 10.1177/0269881105058776. Epub 2005 Sep 20.
There has been increasing interest in the developmental origins of substance use disorders (SUDs) in children and adolescents. Because of its early onset, high prevalence and known risk for SUD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a model developmental disorder to evaluate in context to SUDs. A selected review of the literature was undertaken examining ADHD as an antecedent disorder to subsequent SUD. ADHD and its co-occurring comorbid psychopathology increase the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD and is associated with greater SUD severity and chronicity. The treatment of ADHD appears to decrease the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD. ADHD is an important antecedent disorder in children and adolescents worthy of further targeted preventive efforts to diminish the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD.
人们对儿童和青少年物质使用障碍（SUDs）的发育起源越来越感兴趣。由于注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）起病早、患病率高且已知存在SUD风险，因此它是一种用于结合SUDs进行评估的典型发育障碍。我们对文献进行了选择性回顾，研究ADHD作为后续SUD的前驱障碍。ADHD及其共病的精神病理学增加了吸烟和SUD的风险，并与更高的SUD严重程度和慢性病程相关。ADHD的治疗似乎可以降低吸烟和SUD的风险。ADHD是儿童和青少年中一种重要的前驱障碍，值得进一步开展有针对性的预防工作，以降低吸烟和SUD的风险。
