Thomas Luc, Busso Thierry
Research Unit of Physiology and Physiopathology of Exercise and Handicap, University of Saint-Etienne, France.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Sep;37(9):1615-21. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000177461.94156.4b.
The aim of this study was to examine the training factors that could affect taper efficiency. The analysis was done using simulations from a nonlinear model of the training effects on performance giving an individual optimal daily training (ODT).
Training responses were simulated using data from six subjects obtained in a previous training experiment (15-wk program including 3 wk without training). Assuming first a steady state with training equal to ODT, the taper was simulated with various step training reductions up to 100% of previous training. Overload period (OT) was then featured by a 20% step increase in training during 28 d before the taper. Finally, a taper with step reduction was compared with progressive reduction.
The taper allowed performance gains if training was higher than a minimal level. The best performance without OT preceding the taper was reached with a load reduction of 30.8 +/- 11.8% and a duration of 19.3 +/- 2.3 d. The best performance with OT preceding the taper was significantly higher than without OT (P < 0.02) and was obtained with a significantly greater load reduction and duration, 39.3 +/- 9.9% and 28.0 +/- 5.1 d respectively. The best performance with a progressive load reduction was significantly higher than with a step reduction only with OT before the taper (102.2 +/- 1.7 vs 101.8 +/- 1.5% of performance with ODT, P < 0.005).
Greater training volume and/or intensity before the taper would allow higher performance gains, but would demand a greater reduction of the training load over a longer period. The results also pointed out the importance of training adaptations during the taper, in addition to fatigue dissipation.
本研究旨在探讨可能影响减量效率的训练因素。分析是通过对训练对成绩影响的非线性模型进行模拟来完成的，该模型给出了个体最佳每日训练量（ODT）。
使用先前训练实验中六名受试者的数据模拟训练反应（15周计划，包括3周无训练）。首先假设训练处于稳定状态且等于ODT，然后模拟以各种逐步训练减量直至先前训练量的100%进行的减量过程。在减量前28天，超负荷期（OT）的特点是训练量增加20%。最后，将逐步减量与渐进性减量进行比较。
如果训练量高于最低水平，减量可提高成绩。在减量前无OT的情况下，负荷减少30.8±11.8%、持续时间19.3±2.3天时达到最佳成绩。减量前有OT时的最佳成绩显著高于无OT时（P<0.02），且负荷减少量和持续时间显著更大，分别为39.3±9.9%和28.0±5.1天。仅在减量前有OT时，渐进性负荷减少的最佳成绩显著高于逐步减量（相对于ODT时的成绩，分别为102.2±1.7%和101.8±1.5%，P<0.005）。
减量前更大的训练量和/或强度可带来更高的成绩提升，但需要在更长时间内更大幅度地减少训练负荷。结果还指出了在减量过程中除疲劳消散外训练适应的重要性。
