Bocsan Ioan S, Brumboiu Irina, Coman Alexandru, Tarba Ramona, Zanc Virginia, Mihaiu Marian
Department of Epidemiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Rural Remote Health. 2005 Jul-Sep;5(3):431. Epub 2005 Sep 20.
The rabies virus causes an acute encephalomyelitis that progresses to coma and death within 10 days of the onset of the disease. Taking into account the fatality of the disease and the absence of a specific treatment, preventive methods are of the outmost importance. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of the rural population from Cluj County, Romania, to rabies risk factors.
Data regarding the exposure of the rural population from Cluj County to rabies risk factors were collected from the Vaccination Center registry at the Infectious Diseases Teaching Hospital in Cluj-Napoca. The information was treated confidentially. The data obtained were collected using an Access 2000 database and was analyzed using Epi Info. Information regarding the general population was available from the 2002 General Population and Housing Census.
Cluj County reported 1008 cases of human exposure to potentially rabid animals between April 1998 and December 2004. The relative contributions of the major groups of aggressor animals were as follows: 882 dogs (81.55%), 51 cats (5.06%), 30 foxes (2.98%), 28 horses (2.78%), 19 rats (1.89%), and 58 other animals (5.74%). Post-exposure prophylaxis with antirabies serum immune globulin was prescribed in 9% of the cases (n = 90). Vaccine was recommended in 72% of the cases (n = 726). Two hundred and eighty-three patients out of 726 (38.98%) underwent complete vaccine prophylaxis. Diagnoses in animals suspected of having rabies were made by direct immunofluorescent antibody staining of rabies viral antigen in brain material. The number of animals that tested positive for rabies during the period April 1998 to December 2004 was 49. More than 77% (n = 38) were wild animals. The relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: 33 foxes (67.35%), 7 dogs (14.29%), 2 wolves (4.08%) and 7 other animals (14.29%).
The fatal risk of rabies in human beings, and the persistence of the virus in this geographic area, makes legitimate the recommendation of prophylactic procedures for persons exposed to potentially rabid animals.
狂犬病病毒可引发急性脑脊髓炎，疾病发作后10天内会进展至昏迷并导致死亡。鉴于该疾病的致死性以及缺乏特效治疗方法，预防措施至关重要。本研究旨在评估罗马尼亚克卢日县农村人口暴露于狂犬病危险因素的情况。
从克卢日-纳波卡传染病教学医院的疫苗接种中心登记处收集有关克卢日县农村人口暴露于狂犬病危险因素的数据。这些信息得到了保密处理。所获数据使用Access 2000数据库进行收集，并使用Epi Info进行分析。关于一般人群的信息可从2002年一般人口和住房普查中获取。
1998年4月至2004年12月期间，克卢日县报告了1008例人类暴露于潜在狂犬病动物的病例。主要攻击动物群体的相对占比情况如下：狗882例（81.55%）、猫51例（5.06%）、狐狸30例（2.98%）、马28例（2.78%）、大鼠19例（1.89%）以及其他动物58例（5.74%）。9%的病例（n = 90）接受了狂犬病血清免疫球蛋白的暴露后预防治疗。72%的病例（n = 726）被建议接种疫苗。726例患者中有283例（38.98%）接受了完整的疫苗预防治疗。通过对脑组织中狂犬病病毒抗原进行直接免疫荧光抗体染色，对疑似患有狂犬病的动物进行诊断。1998年4月至2004年12月期间检测出狂犬病呈阳性的动物数量为49只。超过77%（n = 38）为野生动物。主要动物群体的相对占比情况如下：狐狸33只（67.35%）、狗7只（14.29%）、狼2只（4.08%）以及其他动物7只（14.29%）。
狂犬病对人类的致命风险以及该病毒在这一地理区域的持续存在，使得对暴露于潜在狂犬病动物的人群推荐预防程序具有合理性。
