Tomasiewicz Krzysztof, Fota-Markowska Hanna, Krzowska-Firych Joanna, Krawczuk Grazyna
Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Biernackiego 9, 20-089 Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2006;13(2):337-40.
Rabies is considered a disease of the highest mortality rate and all humans are vulnerable to infection. Specific anti-rabies immunoprophylaxis is the only efficient method of protection. The analysis of indications for active alone and active and passive immunization among patients reported to the dispensary of rabies prophylaxis in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Medical University of Lublin (eastern Poland) in 2004-2005 is presented. Prophylactic procedures were applied in 120 persons (14.98 % of overall number consulted). Passive immunization, i.e. rabies immune globulin, was administered in 1 person (0.12 %). In 2004, 64 persons (7.99 %) received active vaccination, and 56 patients (6.99 %) were vaccinated in 2005. Most of vaccinated patients lived in an urban area where the risk of rabies should be lower; however, in cities like Lublin there is a higher risk of being bitten by homeless animals. The most common species with rabies suspicion were dogs and cats. The decrease in the number of patients bitten by animals with confirmed rabies in Lublin province, and of the number of cases of animal rabies may indicate that oral vaccination of red foxes, representing a main reservoir of rabies virus in Poland, has been shown to be effective.
狂犬病被认为是一种死亡率极高的疾病，所有人都易受感染。特异性抗狂犬病免疫预防是唯一有效的保护方法。本文对2004 - 2005年向波兰东部卢布林医科大学传染病系狂犬病预防门诊报告的患者中单独进行主动免疫以及主动和被动免疫的指征进行了分析。120人（占咨询总人数的14.98%）接受了预防措施。1人（0.12%）接受了被动免疫，即注射狂犬病免疫球蛋白。2004年，64人（7.99%）接受了主动疫苗接种，2005年有56名患者（6.99%）接种了疫苗。大多数接种疫苗的患者生活在狂犬病风险应较低的城市地区；然而，在像卢布林这样的城市，被流浪动物咬伤的风险更高。最常被怀疑患有狂犬病的动物种类是狗和猫。卢布林省被确诊患有狂犬病的动物咬伤的患者数量以及动物狂犬病病例数的减少可能表明，对作为波兰狂犬病病毒主要宿主的赤狐进行口服疫苗接种已被证明是有效的。
