Carabin H, Balolong E, Joseph L, McGarvey S T, Johansen M V, Fernandez T, Willingham A L, Olveda R
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, 73104, USA.
Int J Parasitol. 2005 Dec;35(14):1517-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.06.010. Epub 2005 Aug 31.
Schistosoma japonicum causes a chronic parasitic disease, which persists as a major public health concern in The Philippines, the People's Republic of China and Indonesia. This infection is unique among helminthic zoonoses because it can infect humans and more than 40 other mammals. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique in cats, dogs, pigs, water buffaloes and rats in the Philippines. Faecal samples from each animal were collected on up to five occasions on five consecutive days in four villages of Sorsogon and Western Samar Provinces between January and July 2003. The faecal samples were analysed with the filtration and sedimentation Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique. Sensitivity and specificity of one, two, three, four, and five faecal samples were estimated using a Bayesian latent class approach. A total of 59, 43, 74, and 80% of the censored cats, dogs, pigs, and water buffaloes in the four villages were sampled, respectively. For all species, the sensitivity estimates when using the results of only 1 day of sampling were less than 80%. However, the sensitivity improved to at least 96% in all species when three or more faecal samples were collected on three separate days. The specificity was estimated to be above 92% across all species, even if just a single sample is used. The prevalences and 95% credible intervals of S. japonicum, adjusted for imperfect sensitivity and specificity, in cats, dogs, pigs, rats, and water buffaloes were 11.9% (6.8-18.3%), 19.9% (15.1-25.2%), 2.9% (1.1-5.2%), 31.3% (18.3-45.6%) and 6.3% (2.1-12.6%), respectively. Our results suggest that the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique is valid for the detection of infection with S. japonicum in animals, and that sensitivity estimates are excellent when faecal samples are collected on at least three different days. Monitoring S. japonicum infection in animal reservoirs with a valid test could contribute to more effective public health control programmes.
日本血吸虫会引发一种慢性寄生虫病，在菲律宾、中华人民共和国和印度尼西亚，该病一直是主要的公共卫生问题。这种感染在蠕虫性人畜共患病中较为独特，因为它能感染人类以及40多种其他哺乳动物。本研究的目的是评估丹麦血吸虫病实验室技术在菲律宾的猫、狗、猪、水牛和大鼠中的敏感性和特异性。2003年1月至7月期间，在索索贡省和西萨马省的四个村庄，连续五天内最多五次采集每只动物的粪便样本。采用丹麦血吸虫病实验室的过滤和沉淀技术对粪便样本进行分析。使用贝叶斯潜在类别方法估计一份、两份、三份、四份和五份粪便样本的敏感性和特异性。四个村庄中，分别对59%、43%、74%和80%被审查的猫、狗、猪和水牛进行了采样。对于所有物种，仅使用一天的采样结果时，敏感性估计值均低于80%。然而，当在三个不同日期采集三份或更多粪便样本时，所有物种的敏感性均提高到至少96%。即使仅使用单个样本，所有物种的特异性估计值均高于92%。经针对不完美的敏感性和特异性进行调整后，猫、狗、猪、大鼠和水牛体内日本血吸虫的患病率及95%可信区间分别为11.9%（6.8 - 18.3%）、19.9%（15.1 - 25.2%）、2.9%（1.1 - 5.2%）、31.3%（18.3 - 45.6%）和6.3%（2.1 - 12.6%）。我们的结果表明，丹麦血吸虫病实验室技术可有效检测动物体内的日本血吸虫感染，并且当在至少三个不同日期采集粪便样本时，敏感性估计效果良好。通过有效的检测方法监测动物宿主中的日本血吸虫感染，有助于制定更有效的公共卫生控制计划。
