Thompson Ana L, Herman Wayne W, Konzelman Joseph, Collins Marie A
Department of Dental Hygiene, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
J Dent Hyg. 2004 Fall;78(4):12. Epub 2004 Oct 1.
The purpose of this paper is to review the causes and describe the appearance of drug-induced gingival overgrowth, so that dental hygienists are better prepared to manage such patients. Gingival overgrowth is caused by three categories of drugs: anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers. Some authors suggest that the prevalence of gingival overgrowth induced by chronic medication with calcium channel blockers is uncertain. The clinical manifestation of gingival overgrowth can range in severity from minor variations to complete coverage of the teeth, creating subsequent functional and aesthetic problems for the patient. A clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth has not been confirmed, but scientists consider that factors such as age, gender, genetics, concomitant drugs, and periodontal variables might contribute to the expression of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. When treating patients with gingival overgrowth, dental hygienists need to be prepared to offer maintenance and preventive therapy, emphasizing periodontal maintenance and patient education. The affected gingiva presents a bulbous and irregular appearance and requires special modifications in the delivery of dental hygiene care. Dental hygienists play a vital role in the prevention and control of this condition because of the significant correlation between plaque/gingivitis and gingival overgrowth.
本文旨在回顾药物性牙龈增生的病因并描述其表现，以便牙科保健员能更好地为管理此类患者做好准备。牙龈增生由三类药物引起：抗惊厥药、免疫抑制剂和钙通道阻滞剂。一些作者认为，长期使用钙通道阻滞剂引起的牙龈增生患病率尚不确定。牙龈增生的临床表现严重程度不一，从轻微变化到完全覆盖牙齿，给患者带来后续的功能和美观问题。虽然尚未明确药物性牙龈增生的确切病因和发病机制，但科学家认为年龄、性别、遗传、伴随用药以及牙周变量等因素可能与药物性牙龈增生的表现有关。在治疗牙龈增生患者时，牙科保健员需要准备好提供维护和预防性治疗，强调牙周维护和患者教育。受影响的牙龈呈现出球状且不规则的外观，在提供口腔卫生护理时需要特别调整。由于牙菌斑/牙龈炎与牙龈增生之间存在显著相关性，牙科保健员在预防和控制这种情况中起着至关重要的作用。
