Taveras Elsie M, Berkey Catherine S, Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L, Ludwig David S, Rockett Helaine R H, Field Alison E, Colditz Graham A, Gillman Matthew W
Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, USA.
Pediatrics. 2005 Oct;116(4):e518-24. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2732.
Rates of overweight have increased dramatically among children in the United States. Although an increase in consumption of food prepared away from home has paralleled overweight trends, few data exist relating food prepared away from home to change in BMI in children. The goals of this study were to (1) examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between consumption of fried foods away from home (FFA) and BMI and (2) examine the cross-sectional associations between intake of FFA and several measures of diet quality.
We studied a cohort of 7745 girls and 6610 boys, aged 9 to 14 years, at baseline in 1996. We obtained BMI from self-reported height and weight, measures of diet quality from a food frequency questionnaire, and weekly servings of FFA during the previous year. We performed linear regression analyses to assess the longitudinal associations between change in consumption of FFA on change in BMI, using data from three 1-year periods from 1996 through 1999. We also related consumption of FFA with intake of selected foods and nutrients at baseline.
In cross-sectional analyses, adjusting for potential confounders, mean (SE) BMI was 19.1 (0.13) among children who ate FFA "never or <1/week," 19.2 (0.13) among those who responded "1 to 3 times/week," and 19.3 (0.18) among those who responded "4 to 7 times/week." In longitudinal multivariate models, increasing (over 1 year) consumption of FFA "never or <1/week" to "4 to 7/week" was associated with increasing BMI (beta = 0.21 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.39) compared with those with low consumption of FFA at baseline and 1 year later. At baseline, frequency of eating FFA was associated with greater intakes of total energy, sugar-sweetened beverages, and trans fat, as well as lower consumption of low-fat dairy foods and fruits and vegetables.
These data suggest that older children who consume greater quantities of FFA are heavier, have greater total energy intakes, and have poorer diet quality. Furthermore, increasing consumption of FFA over time may lead to excess weight gain.
美国儿童超重率急剧上升。虽然外出就餐食品消费的增加与超重趋势同步，但很少有数据表明外出就餐食品与儿童BMI变化之间的关系。本研究的目的是：（1）研究外出油炸食品（FFA）消费与BMI之间的横断面和纵向关联；（2）研究FFA摄入量与几种饮食质量指标之间的横断面关联。
我们研究了1996年基线时的一组7745名9至14岁女孩和6610名男孩。我们通过自我报告的身高和体重获得BMI，通过食物频率问卷获得饮食质量指标，并获得前一年FFA的每周食用量。我们进行线性回归分析，以评估1996年至1999年三个1年期数据中FFA消费变化与BMI变化之间的纵向关联。我们还将FFA的消费与基线时选定食物和营养素的摄入量相关联。
在横断面分析中，在调整潜在混杂因素后，“从不或每周<1次”食用FFA的儿童平均（SE）BMI为19.1（0.13），“每周1至3次”的儿童为19.2（0.13），“每周4至7次”的儿童为19.3（0.18）。在纵向多变量模型中，与基线和1年后FFA消费量低的儿童相比，FFA消费量从“从不或每周<1次”增加到“每周4至7次”（超过1年）与BMI增加相关（β=0.21kg/m²；95%置信区间：0.03-0.39）。在基线时，食用FFA的频率与总能量、含糖饮料和反式脂肪的摄入量增加以及低脂乳制品、水果和蔬菜的消费量降低相关。
这些数据表明，食用大量FFA的大龄儿童更重，总能量摄入量更高，饮食质量更差。此外，随着时间的推移，FFA消费量的增加可能导致体重过度增加。
