Merrick W C
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
Microbiol Rev. 1992 Jun;56(2):291-315. doi: 10.1128/mr.56.2.291-315.1992.
This review presents a description of the numerous eukaryotic protein synthesis factors and their apparent sequential utilization in the processes of initiation, elongation, and termination. Additionally, the rare use of reinitiation and internal initiation is discussed, although little is known biochemically about these processes. Subsequently, control of translation is addressed in two different settings. The first is the global control of translation, which is effected by protein phosphorylation. The second is a series of specific mRNAs for which there is a direct and unique regulation of the synthesis of the gene product under study. Other examples of translational control are cited but not discussed, because the general mechanism for the regulation is unknown. Finally, as is often seen in an active area of investigation, there are several observations that cannot be readily accommodated by the general model presented in the first part of the review. Alternate explanations and various lines of experimentation are proposed to resolve these apparent contradictions.
本综述描述了众多真核生物蛋白质合成因子及其在起始、延伸和终止过程中明显的顺序利用情况。此外，还讨论了重新起始和内部起始的罕见使用情况，尽管从生化角度对这些过程了解甚少。随后，在两种不同情况下探讨了翻译控制。第一种是翻译的全局控制，它通过蛋白质磷酸化实现。第二种是一系列特定的信使核糖核酸（mRNA），针对这些mRNA，所研究的基因产物的合成存在直接且独特的调控。文中引用了翻译控制的其他例子，但未作讨论，因为调控的一般机制尚不清楚。最后，正如在一个活跃的研究领域中常见的那样，有一些观察结果难以用综述第一部分提出的一般模型来解释。本文提出了替代解释和各种实验思路来解决这些明显的矛盾。
