Huppertz Berthold, Peeters Louis L H
Department of Anatomy II, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Angiogenesis. 2005;8(2):157-67. doi: 10.1007/s10456-005-9007-8. Epub 2005 Oct 7.
Pregnancy leads to dramatic changes of the vascular system of the mother and enables the development of a completely new vascular system within the growing embryo including the formation of the placenta as the exchange organ between both circulations. Besides a general adaptation of the maternal blood system, the uterine spiral arteries display the greatest changes. Within placental villi angiogenesis as well as vasculogenesis can be found already a few weeks after implantation. Both systems in parallel will determine the blood flow within the placental villi and the intervillous space. Finally, compromised blood flow on either side of the placental membrane will not only lead to fetal malnutrition, but will also trigger morphological changes of the villous trees. This review tries to cover all the above-mentioned topics and will try to depict the consequences of poor placentation on mother and fetus.
怀孕会导致母亲血管系统发生巨大变化，并促使发育中的胚胎形成全新的血管系统，包括形成胎盘作为两个循环系统之间的交换器官。除了母体血液系统的一般适应性变化外，子宫螺旋动脉的变化最为显著。在植入几周后，胎盘绒毛内即可发现血管生成和血管发生。这两个系统并行作用，决定胎盘绒毛和绒毛间隙内的血流。最后，胎盘膜两侧的血流受损不仅会导致胎儿营养不良，还会引发绒毛树的形态变化。本综述试图涵盖上述所有主题，并描述胎盘形成不良对母亲和胎儿的影响。
