Petrosillo Nicola, Puro Vincenzo, Di Caro Antonino, Ippolito Giuseppe
National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani," IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Arch Med Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;36(6):706-12. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.05.003.
The last decades have been characterized by the appearance of a substantial number of newly recognized or novel infectious agents and by the re-emergence of infectious diseases with a global impact. The objective of this article is to briefly describe the model of hospital response for early diagnosis and prompt management of patients with highly contagious infectious diseases. We reviewed the main components of hospital preparedness in response to clustering of highly contagious diseases. A model for the initial hospital response to an epidemic in our referral Institute is discussed. Prompt recognition and identification is the initial and indispensable step in facing any communicable diseases, regardless of whether it is a prevalent, a newly emerging one or deliberately released. The importance of developing and implementing nontraditional methods of public health surveillance and a system that allows a wide and immediate dissemination of information and exchange of views on risk assessment and risk management are highlighted. Case identification and laboratory capabilities and isolation procedures are the essential components for an initial hospital response. The recent bioterrorist events and the worldwide outbreaks of highly contagious infectious diseases have evidenced the need for institutional preparedness at each hospital and for identification of referral centers for patient isolation and of laboratories with adequate capabilities. Moreover, hospitals should develop a plan for coordinating all hospital components to respond to critical situations deriving from the admission of patients with highly contagious infectious diseases.
过去几十年的特点是出现了大量新发现或新型的传染原，以及具有全球影响的传染病再度出现。本文的目的是简要描述医院针对高传染性传染病患者进行早期诊断和及时管理的应对模式。我们回顾了医院应对高传染性疾病聚集时准备工作的主要组成部分。讨论了我们转诊机构对疫情的初步医院应对模式。及时识别和鉴定是面对任何传染病时的首要且不可或缺的步骤，无论其是流行疾病、新出现的疾病还是故意释放的疾病。强调了开发和实施非传统公共卫生监测方法以及建立一个能够广泛且即时传播信息并就风险评估和风险管理交流意见的系统的重要性。病例识别、实验室能力和隔离程序是医院初步应对的基本组成部分。近期的生物恐怖事件以及全球范围内高传染性传染病的爆发证明了各医院进行机构准备以及确定患者隔离转诊中心和具备足够能力的实验室的必要性。此外，医院应制定一项计划，协调医院所有部门应对因收治高传染性传染病患者而产生的危急情况。
