Colegrave Nick, Buckling Angus
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
Bioessays. 2005 Nov;27(11):1167-73. doi: 10.1002/bies.20292.
The adaptive landscape is one of the most widely used metaphors in evolutionary biology. It is created by plotting fitness against phenotypes or genotypes in a given environment. The shape of the landscape is crucial in predicting the outcome of evolution: whether evolution will result in populations reaching predictable end points, or whether multiple evolutionary outcomes are more likely. In a more applied sense, the landscape will determine whether organisms will evolve to lose 'costly' resistance to antibiotics, herbicides or pesticides when the use of the control agent is stopped. Laboratory populations of microbes allow evolution to be observed in real time and, as such, provide key insights into the topology of adaptive landscapes.
适应度景观是进化生物学中使用最广泛的隐喻之一。它是通过在给定环境中绘制适应度与表型或基因型的关系而创建的。景观的形状对于预测进化结果至关重要：进化是否会导致种群达到可预测的终点，或者是否更有可能出现多种进化结果。从更实际的意义上讲，这种景观将决定当停止使用控制剂时，生物体是否会进化以失去对抗生素、除草剂或杀虫剂的“昂贵”抗性。微生物的实验室种群使我们能够实时观察进化，因此为适应度景观的拓扑结构提供了关键见解。
