Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.
Nat Rev Genet. 2014 Jul;15(7):480-90. doi: 10.1038/nrg3744. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
The genotype-fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution, yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its structure. This is now changing, as real fitness landscapes are being analysed by constructing genotypes with all possible combinations of small sets of mutations observed in phylogenies or in evolution experiments. In turn, these first glimpses of empirical fitness landscapes inspire theoretical analyses of the predictability of evolution. Here, we review these recent empirical and theoretical developments, identify methodological issues and organizing principles, and discuss possibilities to develop more realistic fitness landscape models.
基因型-适应度图谱（即适应度景观）是进化的关键决定因素，但由于我们对其结构知之甚少，它主要被用作一个表面上的隐喻。这种情况正在改变，因为通过构建具有在系统发育或进化实验中观察到的小突变集合的所有可能组合的基因型，可以对真实的适应度景观进行分析。反过来，这些对经验适应度景观的初步观察结果激发了对进化可预测性的理论分析。在这里，我们回顾了这些最近的经验和理论进展，确定了方法学问题和组织原则，并讨论了开发更现实的适应度景观模型的可能性。
