Panagiotakos D B, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Stefanadis C
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Diabet Med. 2005 Nov;22(11):1581-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01731.x.
Individuals with Type 2 diabetes are at high risk for coronary heart disease, and may benefit from aggressive lifestyle modification. We evaluated the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, in a Greek adult population, in relation to physical activity and dietary habits.
From May 2001 to December 2002, we randomly enrolled 1514 men and 1528 women, with no evidence of cardiovascular or any other chronic disease. The sampling was stratified by the age and gender distribution of the general population in the greater area of Athens (census 2001). Diabetes was defined according to the established American Diabetes Association criteria. Dietary habits were assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire and a diet score was developed, in which higher values suggest greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Weekly energy expenditure was assessed by considering frequency, duration and intensity of sports-related physical activity during a usual week.
After age adjustment for the Greek adult population (2001 census), the projected prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was 7.6% in men and 5.9% in women. A significant proportion of diabetic subjects (24% of men and 30% of women) were unaware of their condition. Moreover, a 10-unit increase in the diet score was associated with 21% lower odds of diabetes (P < 0.05), while individuals taking light physical activity were at 35% lower odds ratio of diabetes compared with sedentary individuals (P < 0.05).
Diabetes mellitus is common in our population, with approximately 1 in 5 individuals with Type 2 diabetes being unaware of their condition. The lifestyle approach described here may contribute significantly to the reduction in the prevalence of diabetes, at a population level.
2型糖尿病患者患冠心病的风险很高，积极改变生活方式可能会使其受益。我们评估了希腊成年人群中2型糖尿病的患病率与身体活动和饮食习惯之间的关系。
从2001年5月至2002年12月，我们随机招募了1514名男性和1528名女性，他们没有心血管疾病或任何其他慢性病的证据。抽样是根据雅典大区普通人群的年龄和性别分布（2001年人口普查）进行分层的。糖尿病根据既定的美国糖尿病协会标准进行定义。通过一份经过验证的食物频率问卷评估饮食习惯，并制定了饮食评分，分数越高表明对地中海饮食的依从性越高。通过考虑平常一周内与运动相关的身体活动的频率、持续时间和强度来评估每周的能量消耗。
在对希腊成年人群（2001年人口普查）进行年龄调整后，预计2型糖尿病的患病率男性为7.6%，女性为5.9%。相当一部分糖尿病患者（男性的24%和女性的30%）未意识到自己的病情。此外，饮食评分每增加10个单位，患糖尿病的几率就会降低21%（P<0.05），而进行轻度体育活动的个体患糖尿病的几率比久坐不动的个体低35%（P<0.05）。
糖尿病在我们的人群中很常见，约五分之一的2型糖尿病患者未意识到自己的病情。本文所述的生活方式方法可能在人群层面上对降低糖尿病患病率有显著贡献。
