Kemparaju K, Girish K S
Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore--570 006, India.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2006 Jan-Feb;24(1):7-12. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1261.
The diffusion of toxins from the site of a bite into the circulation is essential for successful envenomation. Degradation of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix (ECM) by venom hyaluronidase is a key factor in this diffusion. Hyaluronidase not only increases the potency of other toxins but also damages the local tissue. In spite of its important role, little attention has been paid to this enzyme. Hyaluronidase exists in various isoforms and generates a wide range of hyaluronic acid degradation products. This suggests that beyond its role as a spreading factor venom hyaluronidase deserves to be explored as a possible therapeutic target for inhibiting the systemic distribution of venom and also for minimizing local tissue destruction at the site of the bite.
毒素从咬伤部位扩散至循环系统对于成功注入毒液至关重要。毒液中的透明质酸酶降解细胞外基质（ECM）中的透明质酸是这一扩散过程的关键因素。透明质酸酶不仅会增强其他毒素的效力，还会损害局部组织。尽管其作用重要，但该酶一直未受到太多关注。透明质酸酶以多种同工型存在，并产生多种透明质酸降解产物。这表明，除了作为扩散因子的作用外，毒液透明质酸酶还值得作为一种可能的治疗靶点进行探索，以抑制毒液的全身分布，并尽量减少咬伤部位的局部组织破坏。
