Lawton M P, Kleban M H, Dean J, Rajagopal D, Parmelee P A
Philadelphia Geriatric Center.
J Gerontol. 1992 Jul;47(4):P228-37. doi: 10.1093/geronj/47.4.p228.
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the structure of 5-item affect rating scales designed to measure positive affect and negative affect. A proposed circumplex affect structure was the source of scales constructed to represent a cluster of positive terms, including pleasantness and activation; the negative terms represented anxiety, depression, and hostility. The hypothesized simple-structured positive and negative trait affect factors, with a moderate correlation between them, were found in all cases. Equivalent structure was confirmed for younger adults, middle-aged, and older adults of good health and above-average education. Although the hypothesized simple-structured positive and negative factors emerged for all other groups, three other tests of factor equivalence failed to be confirmed: trait and state factors in the older adult group were not identical. Factors derived from healthy and frail elders were structurally different. Variability among frail elders and variability over 30 days within the same person, when factored, also showed nonequivalence. Although the scales are extremely useful in assessing affect, comparisons across some subject groups should be made with caution.
验证性因素分析用于检验旨在测量积极情感和消极情感的5项情感评定量表的结构。一个提出的环形情感结构是构建量表的来源，这些量表旨在代表一组积极词汇，包括愉悦感和激活感；消极词汇代表焦虑、抑郁和敌意。在所有情况下都发现了假设的具有中等相关性的简单结构的积极和消极特质情感因素。对于健康状况良好且教育程度高于平均水平的年轻人、中年人及老年人，证实了其等效结构。尽管对于所有其他群体都出现了假设的简单结构的积极和消极因素，但另外三项因素等效性测试未能得到证实：老年人群体中的特质和状态因素并不相同。来自健康老年人和体弱老年人的因素在结构上有所不同。当对体弱老年人之间的变异性以及同一人在30天内的变异性进行因素分析时，也显示出不等效性。尽管这些量表在评估情感方面极其有用，但在对某些受试者群体进行比较时应谨慎。
