Lawton M P, Kleban M H, Dean J
Polisher Research Institute, Philadelphia Geriatric Center, Pennsylvania 19141.
Psychol Aging. 1993 Jun;8(2):165-75. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.8.2.165.
The self-reports of 207 young-adult (ages 18-30), 231 middle-aged (ages 31-59), and 828 older-adult (age 60 and over) Ss were used to study the structure of affect. Affects were represented by terms included in various circumplex arrays of emotions as presented by previous investigators. A set of 46 affects was subjected to exploratory analysis, and a final set of 38 affects was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The goodness of fit of each group's factor loadings to the hypothesized factors of positive affect, depression, anxiety-guilt, contentment, hostility, and shyness was not up to the desired .90 level, and some significant differences in factor structure were observed for each age-group comparison. There were few age differences in levels of positive affect. Depression was most frequent among younger Ss and least frequent among older Ss. Younger Ss were most often anxious and shy. Older Ss were most often content and least often hostile.
207名青年（18 - 30岁）、231名中年（31 - 59岁）和828名老年（60岁及以上）受试者的自我报告被用于研究情感结构。情感由先前研究者提出的各种环形情感阵列中包含的术语表示。一组46种情感进行了探索性分析，最终一组38种情感进行了验证性因素分析。每组的因素负荷与积极情感、抑郁、焦虑 - 内疚、满足、敌意和害羞等假设因素的拟合优度未达到理想的0.90水平，并且在每个年龄组比较中观察到了因素结构的一些显著差异。积极情感水平上几乎没有年龄差异。抑郁在年轻受试者中最常见，在老年受试者中最不常见。年轻受试者最常焦虑和害羞。老年受试者最常满足，最不常怀有敌意。
