涉及机动车碰撞事故的儿童安全带损伤
Seat-belt injuries in children involved in motor vehicle crashes.
作者信息
Santschi Miriam, Echavé Vincent, Laflamme Sophie, McFadden Nathalie, Cyr Claude
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.
出版信息
Can J Surg. 2005 Oct;48(5):373-6.
BACKGROUND
The efficacy of seat belts in reducing deaths from motor vehicle crashes is well documented. A unique association of injuries has emerged in adults and children with the use of seat belts. The "seat-belt syndrome" refers to the spectrum of injuries associated with lap-belt restraints, particularly flexion-distraction injuries to the spine (Chance fractures).
METHODS
We describe the injuries sustained by 8 children, including 2 sets of twins, in 3 different motor vehicle crashes.
RESULTS
All children were rear seat passengers wearing lap or 3-point restraints. All had abdominal lap-belt ecchymosis and multiple abdominal injuries due to the common mechanism of seat-belt compression with hyperflexion and distraction during deceleration. Five of the children had lumbar spine fractures and 4 remained permanently paraplegic.
CONCLUSIONS
These incidents illustrate the need for acute awareness of the complete spectrum of intra-abdominal and spinal injuries in restrained pediatric passengers in motor vehicle crashes and for rear seat restraints that include shoulder belts with the ability to adjust them to fit smaller passengers, including older children.
背景
安全带在减少机动车碰撞事故死亡人数方面的功效已有充分记录。在成人和儿童中，随着安全带的使用出现了一种独特的损伤关联。“安全带综合征”指与腰部安全带约束相关的一系列损伤，特别是脊柱的屈曲 - 牵张损伤（Chance骨折）。
方法
我们描述了8名儿童（包括2对双胞胎）在3起不同机动车碰撞事故中所受的损伤。
结果
所有儿童均为后排座位乘客，系着腰部安全带或三点式安全带。由于减速过程中安全带压迫伴脊柱过度屈曲和牵张这一共同机制，所有儿童均有腹部安全带瘀斑和多处腹部损伤。5名儿童发生腰椎骨折，4名儿童永久性截瘫。
结论
这些事件表明，对于机动车碰撞事故中系安全带的儿童乘客，需要敏锐地意识到其可能出现的全腹内和脊柱损伤，并且后排座位安全带应包括肩带，且能够进行调整以适合较小的乘客，包括大龄儿童。
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