Fichter Manfred M, Quadflieg Norbert, Georgopoulou Eleni, Xepapadakos Franziskos, Fthenakis E Wassilios
Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Int J Eat Disord. 2005 Dec;38(4):310-22. doi: 10.1002/eat.20187.
The study intends to measure time trends in eating disorder psychopathology in Greek adolescents in Veria (Greece) and migrant Greek adolescents in Munich (Germany). For this purpose, large samples of students were assessed at both locations in the 1980s and about two decades later. Our research question was whether the frequency of eating disorder-related psychopathology had changed over time and that there were differences between migrants and nonmigrants. The present-day prevalence of eating disorders in the Greek population was established.
Greek adolescents were assessed in Munich and Veria in the 1980s (N = 2,631) and almost two decades later (N = 2,920). At both times, the Anorexia Nervosa Inventory for Self-Rating (ANIS) was used to assess eating disorder pathology and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to assess mental health status. In the second wave, persons at risk for an eating disorder were interviewed using the Structured Interview for Anorexic and Bulimic Syndromes (SIAB-EX).
At both times and both locations, adolescent girls in comparison to boys had higher, more pathologic scores on the GHQ-28 and on all ANIS self-rating subscales. Females in Munich reported an increase over time in figure consciousness and their fear of negative effects of meals. In the 1980s, significantly higher scores of bulimic behavior were found in Veria as compared with Munich. In the second wave, bulimic behavior was considerably decreased in Veria for both girls and boys, and for bulimic behavior no significant differences were found between locations. The percentage of girls with a low body weight (<5th percentile) increased significantly over time in Veria and Munich. In the second wave, the current prevalence for girls with anorexia nervosa was 0.00% in Munich and 0.59% in Veria (lifetime 1.26% and 1.18%, respectively). For bulimia nervosa, current prevalence was 1.89% in Munich and 1.18% in Veria.
Differences between locations diminished over time. Bulimic syndromes are prevalent in both locations.
本研究旨在衡量希腊韦里亚（希腊）青少年和德国慕尼黑的希腊移民青少年饮食失调心理病理学的时间趋势。为此，在20世纪80年代及大约二十年后，对两个地点的大量学生样本进行了评估。我们的研究问题是饮食失调相关心理病理学的频率是否随时间变化，以及移民和非移民之间是否存在差异。确定了希腊人群中饮食失调的当前患病率。
在20世纪80年代（N = 2631）以及大约二十年后（N = 2920），对慕尼黑和韦里亚的希腊青少年进行了评估。在两个时间点，均使用《神经性厌食症自评量表》（ANIS）评估饮食失调病理学，并使用《一般健康问卷》（GHQ - 28）评估心理健康状况。在第二轮中，使用《厌食症和贪食症综合征结构化访谈》（SIAB - EX）对有饮食失调风险的人进行访谈。
在两个时间点和两个地点，与男孩相比，青春期女孩在GHQ - 28和所有ANIS自评子量表上的得分更高，病理程度更严重。慕尼黑的女性报告称，随着时间的推移，体型意识以及她们对饮食负面影响的恐惧有所增加。在20世纪80年代，与慕尼黑相比，韦里亚的贪食行为得分显著更高。在第二轮中，韦里亚的女孩和男孩的贪食行为均大幅减少，并且在贪食行为方面，两个地点之间未发现显著差异。体重过低（<第5百分位数）的女孩比例在韦里亚和慕尼黑均随时间显著增加。在第二轮中，慕尼黑神经性厌食症女孩的当前患病率为0.00%，韦里亚为0.59%（终生患病率分别为1.26%和1.18%）。对于神经性贪食症，当前患病率在慕尼黑为1.89%，在韦里亚为1.18%。
随着时间的推移，地点之间的差异逐渐减小。两个地点都普遍存在贪食症综合征。
