Doris Eli, Shekriladze Ia, Javakhishvili Nino, Jones Roshan, Treasure Janet, Tchanturia Kate
Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, PO Box 59, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Eat Weight Disord. 2015 Jun;20(2):149-60. doi: 10.1007/s40519-015-0189-9. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
There is debate as to whether the development of an eating disorder (ED) may be triggered by acculturation to Western culture. While there is evidence to suggest that acculturation to Western culture is associated with risk of having an ED, these findings are limited, vary significantly, and are sometimes conflicting.
To review the literature and empirical data on the association between ED symptoms and acculturation in the context of Western culture.
A systematic search of peer-reviewed publications using a combination of the keywords "Culture", "Acculturation" and "Eating disorders" was first performed in August 2014 and updated in February 2015 with the following databases: PubMed and SCOPUS. Reference lists were also hand searched. In total, the search provided more than 50 studies. Following screening (as stated in the PRISMA guidelines) of the titles and abstracts by inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment of the full text, 25 studies were identified to be appropriate for the review. Articles were examined in relation to the findings, as well as the ED and acculturation measures used.
Eleven studies suggested considerable association between ED and culture change/acculturation. Six studies suggested little or no association between ED and culture change/acculturation. Eight studies did not primarily examine association, yet generated valuable insight. While there was relative consistency across studies in terms of the ED measures selected, measures of acculturation varied significantly.
The majority of the evidence reviewed here suggests that there is a substantial association between culture change and ED psychopathology. However, both greater and lesser acculturation have been identified as risk factors for the development of an ED, and this varies depending on the group studied as well as how acculturation and culture change are conceptualized and measured. Further research is warranted to form cross-culturally acceptable definitions and measures of problematic eating, and healthy and high acculturation, to study the relationship between EDs and the process of acculturation to Western culture.
饮食失调（ED）的发展是否可能由对西方文化的文化适应引发存在争议。虽然有证据表明对西方文化的文化适应与患饮食失调症的风险相关，但这些发现有限，差异很大，有时还相互矛盾。
回顾西方文化背景下饮食失调症状与文化适应之间关联的文献和实证数据。
2014年8月首先对同行评审出版物进行系统检索，使用“文化”“文化适应”和“饮食失调”等关键词组合，并于2015年2月使用以下数据库进行更新：PubMed和SCOPUS。还对手工搜索参考文献列表。此次检索总共提供了50多项研究。按照纳入和排除标准对标题和摘要进行筛选（如PRISMA指南所述）并对全文进行质量评估后，确定25项研究适合该综述。对文章的研究结果以及所使用的饮食失调和文化适应测量方法进行了审查。
11项研究表明饮食失调与文化变化/文化适应之间存在显著关联。6项研究表明饮食失调与文化变化/文化适应之间几乎没有关联或没有关联。8项研究并非主要研究关联，但产生了有价值的见解。虽然在所选的饮食失调测量方法方面，各项研究相对一致，但文化适应的测量方法差异很大。
此处综述的大多数证据表明，文化变化与饮食失调心理病理学之间存在实质性关联。然而，文化适应程度较高和较低都被确定为饮食失调发展的风险因素，这因所研究的群体以及文化适应和文化变化的概念化和测量方式而异。有必要进行进一步研究，以形成跨文化可接受的问题饮食、健康和高度文化适应的定义及测量方法，以研究饮食失调与对西方文化的文化适应过程之间的关系。
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