Sandberg Marianne, Østensvik Øyvin, Aunsmo Agnete Lien, Skjerve Eystein, Hofshagen Merete
Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O.Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Feb 15;106(3):313-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.09.007. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
The Norwegian Action Plan against Campylobacter in broilers was implemented in May 2001 with the objective of reducing human exposure to Campylobacter through Norwegian broilers. From each flock, samples collected at the farm about one week prior to slaughter, and then again at the slaughter plant, are examined for the presence of Campylobacter. All farmers with positive flocks are followed up with bio-security advice. Sampling of broiler products at retail level is also included in the Action Plan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existing sampling and culturing methods of the Norwegian Action Plan against Campylobacter in broilers. The material collected was pooled faecal samples, pooled cloacae samples and caecae samples from individuals. The highest number of positives, from culturing of the pooled faecal samples, the pooled cloacae swabs and the caecae swabs from individuals, were obtained at incubation temperature 41.5 degrees C. When comparing the results at incubation temperature 37 and 41.5 degrees C, the faecal samples from the farms demonstrated a high concordance, with a kappa value of 0.88. The results from culturing cloacae swabs and caecae samples from slaughter plant level at two temperatures did not agree very well with a kappa value of 0.21 and moderate value of 0.57, respectively, but were both disconcordant at a level of 0.05. Modelling farm level data indicated that if increasing the number of pooled samples per flock from two (in existing regime) to three, the flock sensitivity increases from 89% to 95%. Modelling of slaughter plant data indicated that three pooled cloacae swabs are needed to identify 90% of the positive flocks. The results from the modelling of caecae data indicated that samples from seven individuals are sufficient to identify 90% of the positive flocks and caecae samples could thus be an alternative to cloacae sampling at slaughter plant level.
挪威肉鸡弯曲杆菌防控行动计划于2001年5月实施，目的是减少挪威肉鸡导致的人类弯曲杆菌感染风险。从每个鸡群中，在屠宰前约一周于农场采集样本，随后在屠宰场再次采集样本，检测其中是否存在弯曲杆菌。所有鸡群检测呈阳性的养殖户都会收到生物安全方面的建议。该行动计划还包括在零售层面抽取肉鸡产品样本。本研究旨在评估挪威肉鸡弯曲杆菌防控行动计划现有的采样和培养方法。采集的材料包括混合粪便样本、混合泄殖腔样本以及个体盲肠样本。混合粪便样本、混合泄殖腔拭子和个体盲肠拭子在41.5摄氏度培养时阳性检出数量最多。比较37摄氏度和41.5摄氏度的培养结果时，农场粪便样本一致性较高，kappa值为0.88。两个温度下屠宰场泄殖腔拭子和盲肠样本的培养结果一致性不太好，kappa值分别为0.21和中等的0.57，但在0.05水平上两者均不一致。对农场层面数据进行建模表明，如果将每个鸡群混合样本数量从两个（现有方案）增加到三个，鸡群敏感度将从89%提高到95%。对屠宰场数据建模表明，需要三个混合泄殖腔拭子才能识别90%的阳性鸡群。盲肠数据建模结果表明，七个个体的样本足以识别90%的阳性鸡群，因此盲肠样本可作为屠宰场层面泄殖腔采样的替代方法。
