Kurli Madhavi, Finger Paul T
The New York Eye Cancer Center, and the New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2005 Nov-Dec;50(6):507-18. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.08.003.
Herein, we review the associations between the kidney, renal cancers, and the eye. Renal cancers have been reported to metastasize to the eye and the orbit. As these tumors can be confused with other amelanotic or vascular tumors, a high index of suspicion is required for early detection and management of the primary tumor. We discuss the physiology of metastases, clinical features and management of metastatic disease. A variety of ocular anomalies have been associated with renal disease. Wilms tumor, a renal tumor of childhood, can present with aniridia, which may be the first clue leading to the diagnosis of the primary tumor. Paraneoplastic syndromes are common manifestations of renal cancers and can present as retinopathies and neuro-ophthalmic disorders. Multiple cancer syndromes involve both the eye and the kidney. For example, the diagnosis of von Hippel retinal tumors can lead to a systemic evaluation and discovery of associated visceral tumors. The prognosis, screening, and counseling of such patients is discussed. Newer systemic treatments available for renal tumors, such as interferon alfa, may lead to ocular side effects including retinopathy. These patients require periodic ophthalmic examinations. This review demonstrates the essential role of the ophthalmologist, for early diagnosis and treatment that can help reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with kidney tumors and renal-associated disease.
在此，我们综述肾脏、肾癌与眼睛之间的关联。据报道，肾癌可转移至眼睛和眼眶。由于这些肿瘤可能与其他无色素性或血管性肿瘤相混淆，因此早期发现和处理原发肿瘤需要高度的怀疑指数。我们讨论转移的生理学、转移性疾病的临床特征及处理。多种眼部异常与肾脏疾病相关。肾母细胞瘤是儿童期的一种肾脏肿瘤，可伴有无虹膜，这可能是导致诊断原发肿瘤的首个线索。副肿瘤综合征是肾癌的常见表现，可表现为视网膜病变和神经眼科疾病。多种癌症综合征累及眼睛和肾脏。例如，诊断冯·希佩尔视网膜肿瘤可促使进行全身评估并发现相关内脏肿瘤。本文讨论了此类患者的预后、筛查及咨询。可用于肾脏肿瘤的新型全身治疗方法，如干扰素α，可能导致包括视网膜病变在内的眼部副作用。这些患者需要定期进行眼科检查。本综述表明眼科医生在早期诊断和治疗中发挥着重要作用，这有助于降低与肾脏肿瘤及肾脏相关疾病相关的发病率和死亡率。
