Nkoghe D, Formenty P, Leroy E M, Nnegue S, Edou S Y Obame, Ba J Iba, Allarangar Y, Cabore J, Bachy C, Andraghetti R, de Benoist A C, Galanis E, Rose A, Bausch D, Reynolds M, Rollin P, Choueibou C, Shongo R, Gergonne B, Koné L M, Yada A, Roth C, Mve M Toung
Ministère de la santé publique, Libreville, Gabon.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2005 Sep;98(3):224-9.
Outbreaks of Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever have been reported from 1994 to 1996 in the province of Ogooué Ivindo, a forest zone situated in the Northeast of Gabon. Each time, the great primates had been identified as the initial source of human infection. End of November 2001 a new alert came from this province, rapidly confirmed as a EVHV outbreak. The response was given by the Ministry of Health with the help of an international team under the aegis of WHO. An active monitoring system was implemented in the three districts hit by the epidemic (Zadié, Ivindo and Mpassa) to organize the detection of cases and their follow-up. A case definition has been set up, the suspected cases were isolated at hospital, at home or in lazarets and serological tests were performed. These tests consisted of the detection of antigen or specific IgG and the RT-PCR. A classification of cases was made according to the results of biological tests, clinical and epidemiological data. The contact subjects were kept watch over for 21 days. 65 cases were recorded among which 53 deaths. The first human case, a hunter died on the 28th of October 2001. The epidemic spreads over through family transmission and nosocomial contamination. Four distinct primary foci have been identified together with an isolated case situated in the South East of Gabon, 580 km away from the epicenter. Deaths happened within a delay of 6 days. The last death has been recorded on the 22nd of March 2002 and the end of the outbreak was declared on the 6th of May 2002. The epidemic spreads over the Gabon just next. Unexplained deaths of animals had been mentionned in the nearby forests as soon as August 2001: great primates and cephalophus. Samples taken from their carcasses confirmed a concomitant animal epidemic.
1994年至1996年期间，加蓬东北部的一个森林地区奥果韦伊温多省报告了埃博拉病毒出血热疫情。每次，大型灵长类动物都被确定为人类感染的初始源头。2001年11月底，该省传来新的警报，迅速被确认为埃博拉病毒出血热疫情爆发。卫生部在世卫组织的支持下，借助一个国际团队做出了应对。在疫情爆发的三个地区（扎迪埃、伊温多和姆帕萨）实施了主动监测系统，以组织病例检测及其后续跟踪。制定了病例定义，疑似病例在医院、家中或隔离点进行隔离，并进行了血清学检测。这些检测包括抗原或特异性IgG的检测以及逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）。根据生物学检测结果、临床和流行病学数据对病例进行了分类。对接触者进行了21天的监测。记录了65例病例，其中53例死亡。首例人类病例是一名猎人，于2001年10月28日死亡。疫情通过家庭传播和医院感染蔓延。已确定了四个不同的主要疫源地，以及一个位于距震中580公里的加蓬东南部的孤立病例。死亡发生在6天内。最后一例死亡记录于2002年3月22日，疫情于2002年5月6日宣布结束。疫情随后蔓延到了整个加蓬。2001年8月，附近森林中就曾提到动物不明原因死亡：大型灵长类动物和麂羚。从它们的尸体上采集的样本证实了同时发生的动物疫情。
