Walker Peter
Feinstein International Famine Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Disasters. 2005 Dec;29(4):323-36. doi: 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00295.x.
This paper reflects on the genesis of the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief, on the tenth anniversary of its adoption. The origins, usage and future of the code are examined with respect to three debates, current at the time of its inception, namely: the debate about the core content of humanitarianism; the debate about coherence and the consensual nature of the humanitarian community; and the debate about the need for, and the ability to demonstrate, accountability. The paper concludes that although the Code of Conduct was very much a product of its time, its content remains relevant today. However, its future application hinges on the capacity of those who purport to follow it to realise true accountability, and on proving that the code, written essentially for natural disasters, is relevant to contemporary complex emergencies.
本文在《国际红十字与红新月运动及非政府组织救灾行为准则》通过十周年之际，反思了该准则的起源。从其诞生之时存在的三场辩论，即关于人道主义核心内容的辩论、关于人道主义界的一致性和共识性质的辩论、以及关于问责必要性和证明问责能力的辩论，审视了该准则的起源及用途和未来。本文的结论是，尽管《行为准则》在很大程度上是其所处时代的产物，但其内容在今天仍然具有相关性。然而，其未来的应用取决于那些声称遵守该准则的人实现真正问责的能力，以及证明本质上为应对自然灾害而制定的该准则与当代复杂紧急情况相关的能力。
