Diaz Joseph Orlando Prewitt
Am Psychol. 2008 Nov;63(8):820-7. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.820.
This article describes the role of psychosocial support programs in American Red Cross-sponsored humanitarian assistance efforts in international disasters. The American Red Cross psychosocial support program consists of four specific components: participatory crisis assessment, dealing with survivors' root shock, community mobilization, and community development. The program is predicated on the assumption that after a disaster, survivors lose their sense of "place". Psychosocial community programs are based on outreach activities by local practitioners trained and supported by the American Red Cross. The approach sees psychological advantages to survivors of continuing to mobilize their own resources; familiarity, trust, and human capital build. The community members themselves decide the steps they are going to take to reestablish "place," thus becoming active participants in reducing the traumatic stress caused by the disaster. The article concludes with three actions that signal successful integration of psychosocial support programs into multisector responses to disasters: reestablishment of a sense of place, community mobilization, and taking actions that lead to a sense of physical and psychological well-being.
本文介绍了心理社会支持项目在美国红十字会赞助的国际灾难人道主义援助工作中的作用。美国红十字会心理社会支持项目由四个具体部分组成：参与式危机评估、应对幸存者的初始休克、社区动员和社区发展。该项目基于这样一种假设，即灾难过后，幸存者会失去他们的“归属感”。心理社会社区项目基于由美国红十字会培训和支持的当地从业者开展的外展活动。这种方法认为，让幸存者继续调动自身资源具有心理优势；可以建立熟悉感、信任和人力资本。社区成员自己决定他们将采取哪些步骤来重新建立“归属感”，从而成为减轻灾难造成的创伤压力的积极参与者。文章最后提出了三项行动，这些行动标志着心理社会支持项目成功融入多部门灾害应对工作：重建归属感、社区动员以及采取能够带来身心幸福感的行动。
