Alonso Alvaro, Beunza Juan José, Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel, Martínez J Alfredo, Martínez-González Miguel Angel
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):972-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.972.
Some observational studies have shown a beneficial effect of dairy consumption on blood pressure, especially in overweight and relatively young (<40 y) persons. However, no results from prospective studies conducted in a free-living population exist that show this association in middle-aged adults.
The aim of the present study was to assess whether total, low-fat, and whole-fat dairy consumption was associated prospectively with the risk of hypertension.
This was a prospective study conducted in 5880 university graduates in Spain, aged >20 y in 2000 (mean age: 37 y), free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease at baseline, and followed-up with mailed questionnaires for a median of 27 mo. Dairy consumption was assessed with a previously validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
One hundred eighty new cases of hypertension were identified. The hazard ratio of hypertension between extreme quintiles of low-fat dairy product consumption was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.84; P for trend = 0.02) after adjustment for the main known risk factors for hypertension and several dietary factors. No significant association between whole-fat dairy products or total calcium intake and incident hypertension was seen.
In this Mediterranean cohort, low-fat dairy consumption, but not whole-fat dairy consumption, was associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension.
一些观察性研究表明，食用乳制品对血压有益，尤其是在超重和相对年轻（<40岁）的人群中。然而，在自由生活人群中进行的前瞻性研究尚无结果表明中年成年人存在这种关联。
本研究的目的是评估食用全脂、低脂和高脂乳制品是否与高血压风险存在前瞻性关联。
这是一项对西班牙5880名大学毕业生进行的前瞻性研究，这些毕业生在2000年年龄>20岁（平均年龄：37岁），基线时无高血压和心血管疾病，通过邮寄问卷进行随访，中位随访时间为27个月。使用先前验证的半定量食物频率问卷评估乳制品摄入量。
共确定了180例新的高血压病例。在对主要已知高血压风险因素和几种饮食因素进行调整后，低脂乳制品消费极端五分位数之间高血压的风险比为0.46（95%CI：0.26，0.84；趋势P值=0.02）。未发现高脂乳制品或总钙摄入量与高血压发病之间存在显著关联。
在这个地中海队列中，食用低脂乳制品而非高脂乳制品与较低的高血压发病风险相关。
