Wilson Margaret-Mary G, Thomas David R, Rubenstein Laurence Z, Chibnall John T, Anderson Stephanie, Baxi Amy, Diebold Marilyn R, Morley John E
Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):1074-81. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1074.
Anorexia-related weight loss can have devastating consequences on quality-of-life, morbidity, and mortality. Without a simple tool to evaluate appetite, health care providers often use inaccurate surrogates, such as measurement of energy consumption and nutritional risk, to reflect appetite.
We aimed to validate a simple tool for assessing appetite and predicting weight loss.
This was a cross-sectional measurement study conducted on long-term care residents and community-dwelling adults. Construct validity of the 8-item Council on Nutrition appetite questionnaire (CNAQ) and its 4-item derivative, the simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire (SNAQ), were examined through correlation with a previously validated research tool: the appetite hunger and sensory perception questionnaire (AHSP). The length and complexity of the AHSP render it inefficient for clinical use. The sensitivity and specificity of the CNAQ and SNAQ to predict significant weight loss were calculated.
Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the CNAQ were 0.47 (long-term care group) and 0.72 (community-dwelling group). In the long-term care group, the CNAQ correlated with the AHSP (r = 0.60, P < 0.001) and with the AHSP domains of taste (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001), hunger (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001), and smell (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001). The CNAQ showed sensitivities and specificities for 5% and 10% weight losses of 80.2 and 80.3 and 82.4 and 81.9, respectively. The SNAQ had sensitivities and specificities for 5% and 10% weight losses of 81.3 and 76.4 and 88.2 and 83.5, respectively.
The SNAQ and CNAQ are short, simple appetite assessment tools that predict weight loss in community-dwelling adults and long-term care residents. The SNAQ is a 4-item derivative of the CNAQ and thus is clinically more efficient.
与厌食相关的体重减轻会对生活质量、发病率和死亡率产生毁灭性影响。由于缺乏评估食欲的简单工具，医疗保健人员常常使用不准确的替代指标，如能量消耗测量和营养风险评估，来反映食欲。
我们旨在验证一种评估食欲和预测体重减轻的简单工具。
这是一项针对长期护理机构居民和社区成年人开展的横断面测量研究。通过与之前经验证的研究工具——食欲、饥饿及感官知觉问卷（AHSP）进行相关性分析，检验了包含8个条目的营养委员会食欲问卷（CNAQ）及其4个条目的衍生问卷——简化营养食欲问卷（SNAQ）的结构效度。AHSP的篇幅和复杂性使其在临床应用中效率不高。计算了CNAQ和SNAQ预测显著体重减轻的敏感性和特异性。
CNAQ的Cronbach's α系数在长期护理组为0.47，在社区成年人组为0.72。在长期护理组中，CNAQ与AHSP相关（r = 0.60，P < 0.001），与AHSP的味觉（r = 0.47，P < 0.0001）、饥饿（r = 0.51，P < 0.0001）和嗅觉（r = 0.53，P < 0.0001）领域相关。CNAQ对5%和10%体重减轻的敏感性和特异性分别为80.2和80.3以及82.4和81.9。SNAQ对5%和10%体重减轻的敏感性和特异性分别为81.3和76.4以及88.2和83.5。
SNAQ和CNAQ是简短、简单的食欲评估工具，可预测社区成年人和长期护理机构居民的体重减轻情况。SNAQ是CNAQ的4个条目衍生问卷，因此在临床上效率更高。
