Kelly James T, Asgharian Bahman, Wong Brian A
CIIT Centers for Health Research, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
Inhal Toxicol. 2005 Dec 15;17(14):823-30. doi: 10.1080/08958370500241270.
Information on nasal particle deposition is used in risk assessments for exposure to airborne particulate pollutants and for optimizing the delivery of therapeutic aerosols. Monkeys are commonly used to assess the therapeutic potential of inhaled substances and to a lesser extent the toxicity of inhaled xenobiotics. Yet no reliable measurements of the deposition efficiency of monkey nasal airways for particles >1 microm have been reported to date. The goals of this study were to measure the deposition efficiency (>1 microm) of a replica of monkey nasal airways and to investigate potential differences in nasal deposition between humans and monkeys by comparing results with similar measurements recently reported for human nasal replicas. The monkey nasal replica was an acrylic mold made from a postmortem cast of the nasal airways of a 12-kg, male rhesus monkey. Particle deposition in the monkey nasal mold was measured for monodisperse aerosols between 1 and 10 microm and constant inspiratory flow rates between 2 and 7 lpm. Total deposition efficiency increased from nearly 0 to 100% with increasing particle inertia and was uniquely determined by values of an inertial impaction parameter. The deposition efficiencies of the monkey replica agreed well with those of human nasal replicas when compared according to equivalent Stokes numbers based on minimum cross-sectional area. Results from this study could improve monkey-to-human extrapolation models and interpretations of data from particle toxicity and therapeutic aerosol studies using monkeys.
鼻腔颗粒物沉积信息用于评估空气中颗粒污染物暴露的风险以及优化治疗性气雾剂的递送。猴子常用于评估吸入物质的治疗潜力，在较小程度上也用于评估吸入异生物素的毒性。然而，迄今为止，尚未有关于大于1微米颗粒在猴子鼻气道沉积效率的可靠测量报告。本研究的目的是测量猴子鼻气道复制品的沉积效率（大于1微米），并通过将结果与最近报道的人类鼻复制品的类似测量结果进行比较，研究人类和猴子在鼻腔沉积方面的潜在差异。猴子鼻复制品是由一只12千克雄性恒河猴鼻腔气道的死后铸型制成的丙烯酸模具。测量了1至10微米单分散气溶胶和2至7升/分钟恒定吸气流量下在猴子鼻模具中的颗粒沉积。随着颗粒惯性增加，总沉积效率从近0%增加到100%，并且由惯性碰撞参数的值唯一确定。根据基于最小横截面积的等效斯托克斯数进行比较时，猴子复制品的沉积效率与人类鼻复制品的沉积效率非常吻合。本研究结果可改进从猴子到人类的外推模型以及对使用猴子进行的颗粒毒性和治疗性气雾剂研究数据的解释。
