Hirsch A R
Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Headache. 1992 May;32(5):233-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1992.hed3205233.x.
Many investigators have described olfactory dysfunction among migraineurs. Olfactory stimuli can precipitate migraine, and olfactory hallucinations can occur as auras of migraines or as part of the symptom complex. Despite many reports linking olfactory phenomena and migraine, no evaluations of the olfactory abilities of migraineurs have been documented. To begin such assessments, sixty-seven consecutive migraine patients were given Pyridine odor threshold tests. Twelve of them (18%) scored as hyposmic or anosmic. In comparison, 1% of the general population of the U.S. is hyposmic or anosmic. Aside from possible diagnostic or methodological error, several possibilities may account for our result: migraine may induce olfactory pathology; olfactory pathology may induce migraine, or; a common pathogen may induce both olfactory dysfunction and migraine. The association of migraine with the emotional component of the limbic system has long been recognized, and our results strengthen its association with the olfactory component as well. Headache patients should be tested for olfactory loss and warned of such risks as inability to detect gas leaks and spoiled food.
许多研究人员都描述过偏头痛患者存在嗅觉功能障碍。嗅觉刺激可诱发偏头痛，嗅觉幻觉可作为偏头痛的先兆出现，或作为症状复合体的一部分。尽管有许多报告将嗅觉现象与偏头痛联系起来，但尚未有对偏头痛患者嗅觉能力进行评估的记录。为了开始此类评估，对67名连续的偏头痛患者进行了吡啶气味阈值测试。其中12人（18%）的测试结果为嗅觉减退或嗅觉丧失。相比之下，美国普通人群中1%的人存在嗅觉减退或嗅觉丧失。除了可能的诊断或方法错误外，有几种可能性可以解释我们的结果：偏头痛可能诱发嗅觉病变；嗅觉病变可能诱发偏头痛，或者；一种常见的病原体可能同时诱发嗅觉功能障碍和偏头痛。偏头痛与边缘系统的情感成分之间的关联早已为人所知，我们的结果也加强了它与嗅觉成分的关联。头痛患者应接受嗅觉丧失测试，并被告知诸如无法察觉煤气泄漏和变质食物等风险。
