Kayabaşoglu Gürkan, Altundag Aytug, Kotan Dilcan, Dizdar Denizhan, Kaymaz Recep
Alle Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
İstanbul Surgical Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Feb;274(2):817-821. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4283-z. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
Olfactory dysfunction and migraine has been associated for a long time. In this study, we planned to compare olfactory functions in patients with migraine and osmophobia with patients having migraine but no osmophobia, in addition with a normal control group using "Sniffin' Sticks" test. The main distinction of this study is that all qualitative and quantitative properties of olfactory functions; threshold, discrimination and identification, are evaluated separately and jointly. Thirty healthy person aged between 16 and 56 (18 women, 12 men) and 60 migraine patients aged between 15 and 54 (39 women, 21 man) were included in the study. All patients have been inquired about osmophobia and have been assessed with Hedonic tone assessment. Osmophobia has been tested for perfume, cigarette smoke, leather, stale food, soy sauce, fish, spices and coffee smells. Olfactory functions has been assessed with "Sniffin' Sticks" smell test. Thresholds, discrimination and identification have been determined for each patient. In migraine patients with osmophobia, threshold was 7.75 ± 2.3, in migraine patients without osmophobia threshold was 8.25 ± 1.5 and threshold was 10.75 ± 1.3 for the control group. Discrimination score was 6 ± 1.2 in migraine patients with osmophobia, 9 ± 0.8 in patients without osmophobia and was 12 ± 1.4 in the control group. In migraine patient with or without osmophobia Threshold/Discrimination/Identification (TDI) scores were lower than the control group. The most important parameter in our study is that discrimination scores were especially lower in patients with osmophobia. We believe that this decrease in discrimination in migraine patients with osmophobia; who claim that they smell everything and they are sensitive to all smells, is significant. Further studies about smell discrimination will help better understand some conditions; especially anosmia and hyposmia after upper respiratory tract infections and parosmia.
嗅觉功能障碍与偏头痛的关联由来已久。在本研究中,我们计划使用“嗅棒”测试,比较有恐嗅症状的偏头痛患者、无恐嗅症状的偏头痛患者以及正常对照组的嗅觉功能。本研究的主要区别在于,嗅觉功能的所有定性和定量特性,即阈值、辨别力和识别能力,均分别和综合进行评估。30名年龄在16至56岁之间的健康人(18名女性,12名男性)以及60名年龄在15至54岁之间的偏头痛患者(39名女性,21名男性)纳入本研究。所有患者均被询问是否有恐嗅症状,并通过享乐基调评估进行评估。针对香水、香烟烟雾、皮革、变质食物、酱油、鱼、香料和咖啡气味进行了恐嗅测试。使用“嗅棒”嗅觉测试评估嗅觉功能。为每位患者确定阈值、辨别力和识别能力。有恐嗅症状的偏头痛患者阈值为7.75±2.3,无恐嗅症状的偏头痛患者阈值为8.25±1.5,对照组阈值为10.75±1.3。有恐嗅症状的偏头痛患者辨别力得分为6±1.2,无恐嗅症状的患者为9±0.8,对照组为12±1.4。有或无恐嗅症状的偏头痛患者的阈值/辨别力/识别能力(TDI)得分均低于对照组。我们研究中最重要的参数是,有恐嗅症状的患者辨别力得分尤其低。我们认为,有恐嗅症状的偏头痛患者辨别力下降具有重要意义,这些患者声称自己能闻到所有气味且对所有气味敏感。关于嗅觉辨别的进一步研究将有助于更好地理解某些病症,尤其是上呼吸道感染后的嗅觉丧失和嗅觉减退以及嗅觉倒错。