Moody R P, Wester R C, Melendres J L, Maibach H I
Environmental Health Directorate, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1992 Jul;36(3):241-50. doi: 10.1080/15287399209531635.
Percutaneous absorption of the 14C-ring-labeled phenoxy herbicide 2,4-D-amine (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine) was examined following topical applications of the herbicide to the palm and forearm of human volunteers. The effect of two vehicles (water and acetone) and the mosquito repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) on dermal absorption of 2,4-D-amine also was investigated. The total percent dermal absorption was calculated from the mean percent urinary recoveries and was not corrected for nonurinary excretion. The data revealed 14 +/- 4.5% (standard deviation) and 10 +/- 11.5% palmar absorption of 2,4-D-amine applied in water, with and without DEET, respectively, and 7 +/- 6.2% and 13 +/- 5.0% forearm absorption of the herbicide applied in water or acetone, respectively. Soap-and-water skin washes conducted at 24 h posttreatment removed up to 34% of the applied dose. Successive tape strips of skin taken at 24 h posttreatment demonstrated generally decreasing herbicide levels in the outer layers. The data bring into question the complete validity of the rhesus monkey model to predict human dermal absorption.
在将14C环标记的苯氧基除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸二甲胺（2,4-D-胺）局部涂抹于人类志愿者的手掌和前臂后，检测了其经皮吸收情况。还研究了两种载体（水和丙酮）以及驱蚊剂避蚊胺（N,N-二乙基间甲苯甲酰胺）对2,4-D-胺经皮吸收的影响。经皮吸收的总百分比是根据尿中回收的平均百分比计算得出的，且未对非尿排泄进行校正。数据显示，在有水且有或没有避蚊胺的情况下，涂抹于手掌的2,4-D-胺的经皮吸收率分别为14±4.5%（标准差）和10±11.5%；涂抹于前臂的该除草剂在水中或丙酮中的经皮吸收率分别为7±6.2%和13±5.0%。处理后24小时进行的肥皂水皮肤清洗去除了高达34%的涂抹剂量。处理后24小时采集的连续皮肤胶带条显示，外层的除草剂水平总体呈下降趋势。这些数据对恒河猴模型预测人类经皮吸收的完全有效性提出了质疑。
