Beilin L J
University Department of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia.
Kidney Int Suppl. 1992 Jun;37:S90-6.
Sodium restriction by 50 to 100 mmol/day in populations with intakes averaging 150 to 180 mmol/day would likely lead to a reduction of population mean blood pressures, and less of a tendency for blood pressures to rise with age. Fewer people would require antihypertensive drug therapy, and those who did would require less drugs. The extent of any blood pressure fall would be greatest in the elderly or those with established hypertension. A corresponding reduction in stroke incidence might be anticipated, with less certain effects on coronary deaths and diseases. Other factors, such as weight control, alcohol moderation and increased physical activity, may be of greater importance in preventing hypertension in many populations, while cessation of smoking, control of obesity, increased physical fitness and reduction in dietary saturated fat consumption should probably receive the highest priority in terms of overall reduction in the risk of atheromatous cardiovascular disease. In countries such as Japan, which has a relatively high incidence of stroke and a low incidence of coronary disease, a high sodium intake assumes relatively greater importance, in conjunction with obesity and alcohol, as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.
对于平均每日摄入量为150至180毫摩尔的人群，每日限制钠摄入量50至100毫摩尔可能会使人群平均血压降低，且血压随年龄增长而升高的趋势减弱。需要抗高血压药物治疗的人数会减少，而且接受治疗的人所需药物剂量也会减少。血压下降幅度在老年人或已患高血压的人群中最大。预计中风发病率会相应降低，对冠心病死亡和疾病的影响则不太确定。在许多人群中，其他因素，如控制体重、适度饮酒和增加体育活动，在预防高血压方面可能更为重要，而戒烟、控制肥胖、增强体质和减少饮食中饱和脂肪的摄入，就动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险的总体降低而言，可能应列为首要事项。在日本等国家，中风发病率相对较高而冠心病发病率较低，高钠摄入与肥胖和饮酒一起，作为脑血管疾病的一个风险因素，显得相对更为重要。
