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锑:阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯大气中一种与交通相关的元素。

Antimony: a traffic-related element in the atmosphere of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

作者信息

Gómez Darío R, Fernanda Giné María, Claudia Sánchez Bellato Ana, Smichowski Patricia

机构信息

Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Unidad de Actividad Química, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA, -San Martín, Argentina.

出版信息

J Environ Monit. 2005 Dec;7(12):1162-8. doi: 10.1039/b508609d. Epub 2005 Oct 12.

Abstract

Vehicular traffic is one of the main sources of antimony in highly populated urban areas like Buenos Aires where an overall traffic density of 1 500 000 vehicles per day (corresponding to 7500 vehicles km(-2)) is estimated. In this context, a study was undertaken to ascertain the levels of Sb and other traffic-related elements (TRE) in the atmosphere of this city. To this end, sixty-seven samples of PM-10 particulate matter were collected during eight days in nine representative sampling sites located downtown Buenos Aires and spread over an area of about 30 km2. The collection of particulate matter was performed on ash-free glass-fibre filters using high volume samplers with PM-10 sampling heads. A combination of aqua regia and perchloric acid was used for leaching metals from filters. The resulting solutions were evaporated and then diluted with 0.1 mol l(-1) HCl. Antimony was determined by inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) at ng g(-1) levels. Concentrations of Sb varied from 12.9 +/- 0.9 to 375 +/- 23 microg g(-1)(equivalent to 0.87 +/- 0.06 to 15.3 +/- 0.8 ng m(-3)). Statistical analysis was performed on the data set including the measured PM-10 mass and Sb concentrations for the monitored period. Correlations of Sb with other TRE namely, Cu and Mo were also assessed. The highest concentrations of Sb were detected at two sites (Hospital Alemán and Casa Rapallini) located in streets with traffic consisting mostly of passenger cars and showing a "stop-and-go" pattern in peak hours. Antimony levels in the Buenos Aires PM-10 are by far below the level of 0.5 mg m(-3)(for an 8 hour workday, 40 hour work week) set by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for occupational exposure. However, monitoring of Sb and other TRE should be carried out in a systematic fashion to detect the possibility of increases in from the present levels.

摘要

在像布宜诺斯艾利斯这样人口密集的城市地区,车辆交通是锑的主要来源之一,据估计该地区的总体交通密度为每天150万辆汽车(相当于每平方公里7500辆汽车)。在此背景下,开展了一项研究以确定该城市大气中锑及其他与交通相关元素(TRE)的含量水平。为此,在位于布宜诺斯艾利斯市中心的9个代表性采样点,历时8天收集了67个PM-10颗粒物样本,这些采样点分布在约30平方公里的区域内。颗粒物的收集是使用带有PM-10采样头的大容量采样器在无灰玻璃纤维滤膜上进行的。采用王水和高氯酸的混合液从滤膜中浸出金属。将所得溶液蒸发,然后用0.1 mol l(-1) HCl稀释。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-QMS)测定锑,测定水平为纳克/克。锑的浓度在12.9±0.9至375±23微克/克之间变化(相当于0.87±0.06至15.3±0.8纳克/立方米)。对包括监测期内测得的PM-10质量和锑浓度的数据集进行了统计分析。还评估了锑与其他TRE(即铜和钼)的相关性。在两个采样点(阿莱曼医院和卡萨·拉帕利尼)检测到最高浓度的锑,这两个采样点所在街道的交通主要由乘用车组成,且在高峰时段呈现“走走停停”的模式。布宜诺斯艾利斯PM-10中的锑含量远低于美国职业安全与健康管理局(OSHA)规定的职业接触限值0.5毫克/立方米(8小时工作日,40小时工作周)。然而,应系统地监测锑和其他TRE,以检测其含量从当前水平上升的可能性。

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