Collins John D
Department of Large Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Vet Microbiol. 2006 Feb 25;112(2-4):369-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.041. Epub 2005 Dec 5.
In the later stages of eradication of tuberculosis in cattle there is a need to take account of the fact that Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle presents, not as cases of clinical disease but most commonly as apparently healthy animals showing an immunological response to tuberculin. This is an entirely different scenario to that seen when national eradication programmes were first devised, at a time when the protection of public health rather than animal health was the prime motivation. In countries with active programmes to eradicate bovine tuberculosis, it is critical for the programme's success that account is taken of this redefinition of tuberculosis, side by side with changes in modern animal production systems and their impact on the transmission of M. bovis. This paper highlights factors critical to the success of a national eradication programme, including a clear identification of the goals, of the policies that guide actions, and of the sequences of actions that are required within the programme to accomplish these goals. Experience has illustrated the adverse effects of compromise on outcome when the application of fundamental principles of disease control such as sound animal management, removal of known sources of infection, early diagnosis, quarantine, movement control and environmental hygiene are less than enthusiastically promoted and applied. The reality is that where these principles are applied in a sustained manner, the outcome is more likely to be successful. Therein lies the challenge for the risk manager.
在牛结核病根除的后期阶段，需要考虑到这样一个事实：牛感染牛分枝杆菌后，并非表现为临床疾病病例，而是最常见地表现为对结核菌素呈现免疫反应的看似健康的动物。这与国家根除计划最初制定时的情况完全不同，当时保护公众健康而非动物健康是主要动机。在实施积极根除牛结核病计划的国家，考虑到结核病的这种重新定义以及现代动物生产系统的变化及其对牛分枝杆菌传播的影响，对于该计划的成功至关重要。本文强调了国家根除计划成功的关键因素，包括明确确定目标、指导行动的政策以及计划内实现这些目标所需采取的行动顺序。经验表明，如果对疾病控制的基本原则（如良好的动物管理、消除已知感染源、早期诊断、检疫、移动控制和环境卫生）缺乏积极推动和应用而有所妥协，将会对结果产生不利影响。实际情况是，持续应用这些原则更有可能取得成功。这正是风险管理者面临的挑战所在。
