Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Maroc.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2018 Sep 18;13(9):e0203360. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203360. eCollection 2018.
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and brucellosis are major endemic zoonoses in ruminants in Morocco that impact on both animal and human health. This study presents an assessment of the epidemiological and socioeconomic burden of bacterial zoonoses in Sidi Kacem Province in Northern Morocco from a cross-sectional survey of 125 cattle and/or small ruminant-owning households. In total, 1082 sheep and goats were examined from 81 households. The single intradermal comparative cervical test to screen for bovine tuberculosis was undertaken on 1194 cattle from 123 households and all cattle were blood sampled. Cattle and small ruminant sera were tested for brucellosis using the standard Rose Bengal Test (sRBT) and the modified Rose Bengal Test (mRBT). Bacteriology was performed on 21 milk samples obtained from cattle that were seropositive for brucellosis for isolation and phenotyping of circulating Brucella strains. Individual and herd prevalence for BTB in cattle of 20.4% (95% CI 18%-23%) and 57.7% (95% CI 48%-66%), respectively, were observed in this study. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at individual and herd level was 1.9% (95% CI 1.2%-2.8%) and 9% (95% CI 4.5%-1.5%), respectively. Brucella pathogens were isolated from three cattle milk samples and were identified as B. abortus using Bruceladder® multiplex PCR and B. abortus biovar 1 by classical phenotyping. All small ruminants were seronegative to sRBT, two were positive to mRBT. A higher risk of BTB and brucellosis was observed in cattle in intensive livestock systems, in imported and crossed breeds and in animals from larger herds (>15). The three risk factors were usually present in the same herds, leading to higher transmission risk and persistence of both zoonoses. These results highlight the importance of implementing control strategies for both BTB and brucellosis to reduce productivity losses and the risk of transmission to humans. Prioritising control for BTB and brucellosis in intensive livestock production systems is essential for human and animal health.
牛型结核（BTB）和布鲁氏菌病是摩洛哥反刍动物中主要的地方性人畜共患病，对动物和人类健康都有影响。本研究通过对摩洛哥北部锡迪·凯塞姆省 125 个牛和/或小反刍动物养殖家庭的横断面调查，评估了细菌人畜共患病的流行病学和社会经济负担。总共从 81 个家庭中检查了 1082 只绵羊和山羊。对 123 个家庭的 1194 头牛进行了单次皮内比较颈试验以筛查牛型结核，所有牛都采血样。使用标准虎红平板凝集试验（sRBT）和改良虎红平板凝集试验（mRBT）对牛和小反刍动物血清进行布鲁氏菌病检测。对 21 份来自布鲁氏菌病血清学阳性牛的牛奶样本进行了细菌学检测，以分离和表型鉴定循环布鲁氏菌株。本研究中，牛的 BTB 个体和群体流行率分别为 20.4%（95%CI 18%-23%）和 57.7%（95%CI 48%-66%）。牛的布鲁氏菌病个体和群体流行率分别为 1.9%（95%CI 1.2%-2.8%）和 9%（95%CI 4.5%-1.5%）。从 3 份牛牛奶样本中分离到布鲁氏菌病原体，并使用 Bruceladder®多重 PCR 和经典表型鉴定为 B. abortus biovar 1。所有小反刍动物均对 sRBT 呈血清阴性，2 份对 mRBT 呈阳性。集约化畜牧系统、进口和杂交品种以及来自较大畜群（>15）的牛中观察到 BTB 和布鲁氏菌病的风险更高。这三个危险因素通常存在于同一畜群中，导致两种人畜共患病的传播风险和持续存在更高。这些结果强调了实施 BTB 和布鲁氏菌病控制策略的重要性，以减少生产力损失和向人类传播的风险。在集约化畜牧生产系统中优先控制 BTB 和布鲁氏菌病对于人类和动物健康至关重要。
