Fillmore Mark T, Marczinski Cecile A, Bowman Angela M
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2005 Sep;66(5):663-72. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2005.66.663.
Acute alcohol tolerance refers to the observation of reduced impairment at a given blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on the descending versus ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve. Psychomotor performance measures used in human studies of alcohol tolerance provide reliable assessments of tolerance but do not identify specific mechanisms involved in the re-establishment of control, and little is known about how acute tolerance is expressed in terms of changes in fundamental mechanisms that regulate and control behavior. This study examined the expression of acute alcohol tolerance to impaired behavioral control in terms of changes in a drinker's ability to activate and inhibit behavioral responses as BAC ascended and declined following a dose.
Twenty social drinkers performed a cued go/no-go task that measured behavioral control after receiving a moderate dose (0.65 g/kg) of alcohol and a placebo. The development of acute tolerance was measured by testing behavioral control twice: once during the ascending phase and again at comparable BACs during the descending phase of the blood alcohol curve.
Inhibitory and activational aspects of behavioral control both were impaired by alcohol. Acute tolerance developed to the impaired activation but not to the impaired inhibition of behavior.
The results highlight the importance of considering behavioral requirements when testing for the development of acute tolerance under a dose of alcohol. By modeling behavioral control as the net effect of countervailing activational and inhibitory influences, the study suggests that fundamental mechanisms of control might not display uniform tolerance development.
急性酒精耐受是指在血酒精曲线的下降段与上升段，于给定血酒精浓度（BAC）下观察到损伤减轻。在酒精耐受的人体研究中使用的心理运动表现测量方法可提供对耐受的可靠评估，但无法识别重新建立控制所涉及的具体机制，而且对于急性耐受如何通过调节和控制行为的基本机制变化来表现知之甚少。本研究根据饮酒者在剂量摄入后随着BAC上升和下降激活和抑制行为反应能力的变化，来研究急性酒精耐受对行为控制受损的表现。
20名社交饮酒者在接受中等剂量（0.65 g/kg）酒精和安慰剂后，执行一项线索性停止信号任务，该任务测量行为控制能力。通过两次测试行为控制来测量急性耐受的发展：一次在血酒精曲线的上升阶段，另一次在下降阶段的可比BAC水平时。
酒精损害了行为控制的抑制和激活方面。对行为激活受损产生了急性耐受，但对行为抑制受损未产生急性耐受。
结果强调了在测试酒精剂量下急性耐受发展时考虑行为要求的重要性。通过将行为控制建模为抵消性激活和抑制影响的净效应，该研究表明控制的基本机制可能不会表现出一致的耐受发展。
