Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), 4100-346 Porto, Portugal.
Instituto de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada (Porto), 4100-348 Porto, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 8;15(12):2673. doi: 10.3390/nu15122673.
In recent years, there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in the concept of pediatric loss of control over eating, particularly about its link with the executive functions related to the concept of impulsivity, such as inhibitory control and reward sensitivity. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive literature synthesis about the associations between these variables. A comprehensive literature synthesis would help identify future research directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence concerning the associations between loss of control over eating, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity in children and adolescents.
The systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by PRISMA in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias.
Twelve studies met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. Overall, methodological heterogeneity, variability in assessment methods, and the age of participants make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Nevertheless, most studies with community samples of adolescents indicate that inhibitory control difficulties are linked to the concept of loss of control eating. The presence of obesity seems to be associated with inhibitory control difficulties, regardless of the presence of loss of control eating. Studies on reward sensitivity are scarcer. However, it has been suggested that higher reward sensitivity is related to loss of control eating behaviors in young people, particularly binge eating.
The literature on the link between loss of control eating and trait-level facets of impulsivity (low inhibitory control and higher reward sensitivity) among young people remains limited, and more studies on children are needed. Findings from this review may make healthcare professionals more aware of the potential clinical importance of targeting the trait-level facets of impulsivity and help to inform existing and future weight-loss/maintenance interventions in childhood and adolescence.
近年来，临床和实证研究越来越关注儿童失去对饮食的控制这一概念，特别是其与与冲动概念相关的执行功能之间的联系，例如抑制控制和奖励敏感性。然而，目前还没有关于这些变量之间关联的综合文献综述。全面的文献综述将有助于确定未来的研究方向，以推动该领域的发展。因此，本系统评价旨在综合有关儿童和青少年饮食失控、抑制控制和奖励敏感性之间关联的证据。
本系统评价根据 Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed 和 PsycINFO 中提出的 PRISMA 指南进行。使用观察性队列研究和横断面研究的质量评估工具来评估偏倚风险。
符合选择标准并纳入最终综述的有 12 项研究。总体而言，方法学的异质性、评估方法的可变性以及参与者的年龄使得难以得出一般性结论。尽管如此，大多数针对青少年社区样本的研究表明，抑制控制困难与饮食失控的概念有关。肥胖的存在似乎与抑制控制困难有关，而与是否存在饮食失控无关。关于奖励敏感性的研究则更为稀少。然而，有研究表明，较高的奖励敏感性与年轻人的饮食失控行为有关，特别是暴食。
关于年轻人饮食失控与冲动特质方面（低抑制控制和较高奖励敏感性）之间关联的文献仍然有限，需要更多关于儿童的研究。本综述的研究结果可能会使医疗保健专业人员更加意识到针对冲动特质方面的潜在临床重要性，并有助于为儿童和青少年时期的现有和未来减肥/维持干预措施提供信息。
