Min Yoeju, Lowy Clara, Ghebremeskel Kebreab, Thomas Beverley, Offley-Shore Brigid, Crawford Michael
Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec;82(6):1162-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1162.
Pregestational maternal diabetes increases obesity and diabetes risks in the offspring. Both conditions are characterized by insulin resistance, and diabetes is associated with low membrane arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids.
We investigated whether type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy compromise maternal and fetal membrane essential fatty acids (FAs).
We studied 39 nondiabetic (control subjects), 32 type 1 diabetic, and 17 type 2 diabetic pregnant women and the infants they delivered. Maternal and cord blood samples were obtained at midgestation and at delivery, respectively. Plasma triacylglycerols and choline phosphoglycerides and red blood cell (RBC) choline and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride FAs were assessed.
The difference in maternal plasma triacylglycerol FAs between groups was not significant. However, the type 1 diabetes group had lower plasma choline phosphoglyceride DHA (3.7 +/- 0.9%; P < 0.01) than did the control group (5.2 +/- 1.6%). Likewise, RBC DHA was lower in the type 1 [choline: 3.4 +/- 1.5% (P < 0.01); ethanolamine: 5.9 +/- 2.5% (P < 0.05)] and type 2 [choline: 3.5 +/- 1.6% (P < 0.05)] diabetes groups than in the control group (choline: 5.5 +/- 2.2%; ethanolamine: 7.5 +/- 2.5%). Cord AA and DHA were lower in the plasma (type 1: P < 0.01) and RBC (type 2: P < 0.05) choline phosphoglycerides of the diabetics than of the control subjects, and cord RBC ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were lower in DHA (P < 0.05) in both diabetes groups than in the control group.
Diabetes (either type) compromises maternal RBC DHA and cord plasma and RBC AA and DHA. The association of these 2 FAs with insulin sensitivity may mean that the current finding explains the higher incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes in the offspring of diabetic women.
孕前母亲糖尿病会增加后代肥胖和糖尿病风险。这两种情况均以胰岛素抵抗为特征，且糖尿病与细胞膜花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）水平降低有关。
我们研究了孕期1型和2型糖尿病是否会损害母体和胎儿细胞膜必需脂肪酸（FAs）。
我们研究了39名非糖尿病孕妇（对照组）、32名1型糖尿病孕妇和17名2型糖尿病孕妇及其分娩的婴儿。分别在妊娠中期和分娩时采集母体和脐带血样本。评估血浆三酰甘油、胆碱磷酸甘油酯以及红细胞（RBC）胆碱和乙醇胺磷酸甘油酯脂肪酸。
各组间母体血浆三酰甘油脂肪酸差异不显著。然而，1型糖尿病组血浆胆碱磷酸甘油酯DHA水平（3.7±0.9%；P<0.01）低于对照组（5.2±1.6%）。同样，1型糖尿病组[胆碱：3.4±1.5%（P<0.01）；乙醇胺：5.9±2.5%（P<0.05）]和2型糖尿病组[胆碱：3.5±1.6%（P<0.05）]红细胞DHA水平低于对照组（胆碱：5.5±2.2%；乙醇胺：7.5±2.5%）。糖尿病患者脐带血浆和红细胞胆碱磷酸甘油酯中的AA和DHA低于对照组（1型糖尿病：P<0.01），且两组糖尿病患者脐带红细胞乙醇胺磷酸甘油酯中的DHA均低于对照组（P<0.05）。
糖尿病（任何类型）都会损害母体红细胞DHA以及脐带血浆和红细胞中的AA和DHA。这两种脂肪酸与胰岛素敏感性的关联可能意味着当前研究结果解释了糖尿病女性后代中胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病发病率较高的原因。
