葡萄牙波尔图13岁青少年的高血压患病率。

Prevalence of hypertension in 13-year-old adolescents in Porto, Portugal.

作者信息

Ramos Elisabete, Barros Henrique

机构信息

Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

出版信息

Rev Port Cardiol. 2005 Sep;24(9):1075-87.

PMID:16335282

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence of hypertension and associated features in 13-year-old urban adolescents.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

PARTICIPANTS

We evaluated 2023 adolescents (1043 female and 980 male), born in 1990 and enrolled at public and private schools in Porto during the 2003/2004 school year.

METHODS

Data on behavioral, social and demographic characteristics and individual and family history of disease were collected using two standardized questionnaires (one completed at home and the other by the adolescents at school). After completion and return of the home questionnaires, our research team visited the schools and detailed physical examinations were carried out, including measurement of blood pressure, height and weight. Blood pressure was measured on a single occasion, and classified according to the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendations: as hypertension if systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were above the 95th percentile for gender, age and height; and as prehypertension if SBP and/or DBP levels were above the 90th percentile but both < the 95th percentile. Data were analyzed separately for males and females. Proportions were compared using the chi-square test, and quantitative variables were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

RESULTS

The prevalence of hypertension was 22.0% and of prehypertension 13.3%. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in males (25.4% vs. 18.8%). For both genders blood pressure increased with body mass index. In females, the prevalence of hypertension was 14.7% for normal weight, 24.2% for overweight and 42.3% for obese (p < 0.001). In males, the prevalence was 20.4%, 35.5% and 41.3% respectively (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

This sample of 13-year-old adolescents presented high blood pressure levels. We found 22.0% with hypertension and 13.3% with prehypertension, with males presenting higher values. We also found that body mass index was related to blood pressure.

摘要

目的

描述13岁城市青少年高血压的患病率及相关特征。

研究设计

横断面研究。

研究对象

我们评估了2023名青少年（1043名女性和980名男性），他们出生于1990年，在2003/2004学年就读于波尔图的公立和私立学校。

方法

使用两份标准化问卷收集行为、社会和人口统计学特征以及个人和家族病史数据（一份在家中完成，另一份由青少年在学校完成）。在家中问卷完成并返回后，我们的研究团队走访学校并进行详细的体格检查，包括测量血压、身高和体重。血压仅测量一次，并根据美国儿科学会的建议进行分类：如果收缩压（SBP）和/或舒张压（DBP）高于性别、年龄和身高的第95百分位数，则为高血压；如果SBP和/或DBP水平高于第90百分位数但均<第95百分位数，则为高血压前期。对男性和女性的数据分别进行分析。比例采用卡方检验进行比较，定量变量采用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行比较。

结果

高血压患病率为22.0%，高血压前期患病率为13.3%。男性高血压患病率更高（25.4%对18.8%）。男女血压均随体重指数增加而升高。女性中，正常体重者高血压患病率为14.7%，超重者为24.2%，肥胖者为42.3%（p<0.001）。男性中，患病率分别为20.4%、35.5%和41.3%（p<0.001）。