Juárez-Rojas Juan Gabriel, Cardoso-Saldaña Guillermo C, Posadas-Sánchez Rosalinda, Medina-Urrutia Aída Xochitl, Yamamoto-Kimura Liria, Posadas-Romero Carlos
Department of Endocrinology, Institute Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Arch Cardiol Mex. 2008 Oct-Dec;78(4):384-91.
To determine the prevalence of high blood pressure and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 770 male and 1076 female students (12 to 16 years old) from eight randomly selected high schools in Mexico City. Anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting lipids and lipoproteins were measured.
Blood pressure levels were adjusted for age, gender, and height. The prevalence rates of hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic (DBP) > or =95th percentile), and pre-hypertension (SBP or DBP > or =90th but <95th percentile) were 10.6 and 10%, respectively. Compared to normotensive subjects, those with high blood pressure showed a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, overweight, and dyslipidemia. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that waist (18.3%), Tanner stage (4.7%), age (2.1%), gender (0.6%), and body mass index (BMI, 0.3%) accounted for 26% of the variance in SBP; whereas BMI (8.7%), age (4.8%), Tanner stage (1.7%), waist (0.4%), and gender (0.4%) accounted for 15.9% of the variance in DBP.
These results reveal a high prevalence of high blood pressure in adolescents living in Mexico City. Prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects showed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting that, as adults, these adolescents will be at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
确定墨西哥青少年高血压及相关心血管危险因素的患病率。
对来自墨西哥城随机选取的8所高中的770名男生和1076名女生（12至16岁）进行了一项横断面研究。测量了人体测量学指标、血压以及空腹血脂和脂蛋白。
对血压水平进行了年龄、性别和身高的校正。高血压（收缩压（SBP）和/或舒张压（DBP）>或=第95百分位数）和高血压前期（SBP或DBP>或=第90百分位数但<第95百分位数）的患病率分别为10.6%和10%。与血压正常的受试者相比，高血压患者肥胖、超重和血脂异常的患病率显著更高。逐步多元回归分析显示，腰围（18.3%）、坦纳分期（4.7%）、年龄（2.1%）、性别（0.6%）和体重指数（BMI，0.3%）占SBP变异的26%；而BMI（8.7%）、年龄（4.8%）、坦纳分期（1.7%）、腰围（0.4%）和性别（0.4%）占DBP变异的15.9%。
这些结果揭示了居住在墨西哥城的青少年中高血压患病率很高。高血压前期和高血压患者心血管危险因素的患病率更高，这表明这些青少年成年后患心血管疾病的风险将更高。
