Costa Lucio G
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100 Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Apr;366(1-2):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.008. Epub 2005 Dec 6.
Organophosphates (OPs) are one of the main classes of insecticides, in use since the mid 1940s. OPs can exert significant adverse effects in non-target species including humans. Because of the phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase, they exert primarily a cholinergic toxicity, however, some can also cause a delayed polyneuropathy. Currently debated and investigated issues in the toxicology of OPs are presented in this review. These include: 1) possible long-term effects of chronic low-level exposures; 2) genetic susceptibility to OP toxicity; 3) developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity; 4) common mechanism of action; 5) mechanisms of delayed neurotoxicity; and 6) possible additional OP targets. Continuing and recent debates, and molecular advances in these areas, and their contributions to our understanding of the toxicology of OPs are discussed.
有机磷酸酯（OPs）是自20世纪40年代中期以来一直在使用的主要杀虫剂类别之一。OPs可对包括人类在内的非靶标物种产生重大不利影响。由于乙酰胆碱酯酶的磷酸化作用，它们主要产生胆碱能毒性，不过，有些还会导致迟发性多神经病。本文综述了目前在OPs毒理学方面存在争议和正在研究的问题。这些问题包括：1）慢性低水平接触可能产生的长期影响；2）对OP毒性的遗传易感性；3）发育毒性和神经毒性；4）共同作用机制；5）迟发性神经毒性机制；以及6）可能的其他OP作用靶点。文中讨论了这些领域持续存在的和最近的争论、分子进展，以及它们对我们理解OPs毒理学的贡献。
